John Angelos of Syrmia

John Angelus or Angelos (Greek: Ἰωάννης Ἄγγελος, Hungarian: Angelos János; c. 1193 – 1259), also known as Good John (Καλοϊωάννης, Kaloiōannēs in Greek), was a Byzantine prince who migrated to Hungary and ruled the Duchy of Syrmia (Sirmium, Szerém) and its surroundings from 1235 until 1254, as a vassal under king Béla IV of Hungary, his maternal relative.

John Angelus
Governor of Syrmia
Reign1235–1254
Predecessornew creation
SuccessorRostislav Mikhailovich (?)
Bornc. 1193
Died1259
Noble familyAngelos
FatherIsaac II Angelos
MotherMargaret of Hungary

Family

John Angelus was the son of Isaac II Angelos, the Byzantine Emperor from 1185 to 1195, and again from 1203 to 1204; and Margaret of Hungary, the daughter of King Béla III (r. 1172–1196) and sister of King Emeric (r. 1196–1204). John had three older half-siblings from his father's first marriage: Anna-Euphrosyne, Irene Angelina and Alexios IV Angelos, while he had a younger full brother, Manuel Angelos (b. after 1195 – d. 1212).

The family found refuge in the Hungarian court in 1222.[1]

Life

Andrew II of Hungary (r. 1205–1235), his uncle, gave him "Syrmia and beyond", i.e. south of the Sava river, including Belgrade, and the districts of Barancs and Macsó, which he ruled until 1254.[1][2]

Béla IV appointed John Angelus as the governor of Syrmia, and Rostislav Mikhailovich as the governor of Slavonia, securing his southern boundaries while heading towards the Adriatic.[3] Another source claims that he ruled Syrmia and Bačka from ca. 1230.[4]

In 1221, Pope Honorius III demanded that the "heretics" (Bogomils) be exterminated in Bosnia. His chaplain Aconcio was unable to gain any followers in Ragusa, and died while in Bosnia. Ugrin Csák, the Archbishop of Kalocsa, proposed to Andrew II of Hungary that he would lead the Bosnian Crusade, and the king and pope promised him all lands that he would clear of heretics. Ugrin overrated himself, and instead gave 200 silver marks to John Angelus, the ruler of Syrmia, to perform the task. John took the money but never acted against the Bogomils, despite being reminded of his obligation by Pope Honorius III in 1227.[5]

Issue

John married Mathilde (ca. 1216–), the daughter of Marguerite de Courtenay (the sister of the Latin emperors Robert and Baldwin II) and Henry I, Count of Vianden.[6] They had at least one daughter, Maria Angelina, who married Anseau de Cayeux.[6] In 1280, Charles I of Sicily issued documents to Maria Angelina, allowing her to travel from Apulia to Serbia to visit "her sister the queen of Serbia", Helen of Anjou.[6]

Ancestors
gollark: And controversial stuff has never arisen from discussing something else?
gollark: The idea of a "ControversialEsolangs" for that probably wouldn't work well for various reasons, including the difficulty of moving active conversations, cognitive overhead of switching and lots of overhead deciding when to switch, a smaller set of people there even if they could otherwise participate interestingly, and somewhat more difficult-to-express issues like, er, selection effects.
gollark: I think it's a nice-to-have property but not worth sacrificing much else for.
gollark: You can see when it is *happening*, if you happen to be active, and ignore it for a bit.
gollark: You can just mute them *when* discomforting things happen, or possibly mute <#348702212110680064> if you mostly care about esolangs.

References
  1. Z. J. Kosztolnyik (1996). Hungary in the thirteenth century. East European Monographs. Szerem region Beyond
  2. Moravcsik 1970, p. 94
    From this marriage Ioannes Angelus (Kaloian) was born, who later went to Hungary, became duke of Syrmia, and until 1254 governed that part of the province which lay beyond the Sava, as well as the territory from Belgrade to Barancs and ...
  3. Ungarn-Jahrbuch: Zeitschrift für die Kunde Ungarns und verwandte Gebiete, Volume 12. Hase und Koehler Verlag. 1984. The efforts of Bela IV! to secure his southern boundary while moving toward the Adriatic included establishing leaders in Srem (John Angelos) and Slavonia (Rostislav Mikhailovich) who were not only capable but also closely connected to the ...
  4. Historisches Jahrbuch. K. Alber. 1951. Seit ungefähr 1230 war (Kalo-)Johannes Angelos, ein Sohn des byzantinischen Kaisers IsaaklI. Angelos Herr von Syrmien und Gomes von Bacs. Eine noch größere Rolle spielte dann Rostislav Michailo- witsch, der Sohn des von den Tataren ...
  5. Henry Charles Lea (1956). A History of the Inquisition of the Middle Ages (Complete). Library of Alexandria. pp. 993–. ISBN 978-1-4655-2724-0.
  6. McDaniel, Gordon, "On Hungarian-Serbian Relations in the Thirteenth Century: John Angelus and Queen Jelena", Ungarn-Jahrbuch Band 12, 1982-1983, München, pp. 43–50 In 1280, Charles I of Sicily issued documents to Maria Angelina (wife of Anseau de Cayeux) allowing her to travel from Apulia to Serbia to visit "her sister the queen of Serbia". Maria Angelina's parents are known from her marriage license, issued in 1253 by the pope, as Calojohanni and imperatore Constantinopolitano, eiusdem Matildis avunculo...Matildis dominæ de Posaga, natæ comitissæ Viennensis, that is, Kaloioannes Angelos, lord of Srem, and Mathilde, daughter of Marguerite de Courtenay (the sister of the Latin emperors Robert and Baldwin II) and Heinrich, count of Vianden.

Sources
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