Jiwarli dialect

Jiwarli (also spelt Djiwarli, Tjiwarli) is an Australian Aboriginal language formerly spoken in Western Australia. It is a variety of the Mantharta language of the large Pama–Nyungan family.

Not to be confused with Juwarliny dialect, see Mangarla language.

Jiwarli
RegionWestern Australia
EthnicityJiwarli
ExtinctApril 1986 with the death of Jack Butler.
Language codes
ISO 639-3dze
Glottologdjiw1241[1]
AIATSIS[2]W28

The last native speaker of Jiwarli, Jack Butler, died in April 1986. Prof Peter K. Austin (Linguistics Department, SOAS) collected all the available material on Jiwarli during fieldwork with Jack Butler 1978–1985. He has published a volume of texts on the language and a bilingual dictionary (Jiwarli-English with English-Jiwarli finderlist); both are currently out of print.

Phonology

Vowels
Front Back
High i, iː u, uː
Low a, aː

Consonants
Peripheral Laminal Apical
Bilabial Velar Palatal Dental Alveolar Postalveolar
Stop p k c t̪ t ʈ
Nasal m ŋ ɲ n̪ n ɳ
Lateral ʎ l̪ l ɭ
Rhotic r ɻ
Semivowel w j

Phonotactics

Word-initially, only non-apical stops, nasals and glides are allowed; that is, words may only begin with one of {/p k j th m ng nh w y/}. Words may not begin with vowels.

All words end in vowels. Roots may end on a consonant, however -pa is added to all roots ending in l rl rr and -ma is added to all roots ending in a nasal that would violate the vowel-final word constraint.

gollark: What if I find a remote arbitrary code exploit in Minecraft and use that to display the *correct*-looking text?
gollark: I see. I'll have to find alternatives. Ħmmmm.
gollark: U̫ͧ̎ń̴͍iͥ͂̿ç͕͗oͤ͂͝d͇͈͑e̷̛ͅ ̢̜͚ï̧͘ş̓͂ ͭͣ̕g̻͉͙r̞̯͑҉̥ͮ̚e̴̿̈a̲̺͑t̍̿ͨ!̣̊͗
gollark: B͕͛́A͙̔̔Ņ̦͘҉̷̀͜ ̭̊̚D̼̗̳҉̾̌̓Ì̴̈A͎̋ͣĆ̹͉R̬̳ͥĪ̴ͬT͕ͣͥ҉̥I̍͘̚C͍̰̊S̊ͤ͛!̺͊̕
gollark: Ban, commas as, they are too easily, misused.

References
  1. Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Djiwarli". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  2. W28 Jiwarli at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
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