Jerónimo de Loayza

Jerónimo de Loayza y González, O.P. (1498 – October 25, 1575), was a Spanish Dominican friar and missionary, who was selected as the first Archbishop of Lima.[1] He established the first hospital, initiated construction of the early cathedrals, and also established schools to educate the sons of both the Spanish rulers and Inca elite families. He supported the founding of the University of San Marcos in Lima.

This article uses Spanish naming customs: the first or paternal family name is Loayza.
The Most Rev. Lord Brother

Jerónimo de Loayza y González, O.P.
Archbishop of Lima
Jerónimo de Loayza, wearing the pallium over the choir dress of a Dominican bishop
ProvinceSeville (1544–1546)
SeeLima
Appointed13 May 1541 (diocese)
12 February 1546 (archdiocese)
Term ended14 January 1575
PredecessorNone
SuccessorDiego Gómez de Lamadrid, O.Ss.T.
Other postsBishop of Lima (1541–1546); Bishop of Cartagena (1537–1541)
Orders
Ordinationca. 1532
Consecration29 June 1538
by Luis Cabeza de Vaca
Personal details
Born1498
Trujillo, Cáceres,
Crown of Castile
Died14 January 1575
Lima, Viceroyalty of Peru, Spanish Empire
BuriedLima, Peru

Life

Loayza was born in Trujillo in the Province of Cáceres. He entered the Dominican Order as a teenager, and after his religious profession, pursued his studies at Valladolid and at the Monastery of San Pablo in Córdoba.[2]

His superiors sent Loayza to the missions of New Spain in 1529, where he worked in Cartagena serving both the Spanish colonists and the native Americans of the city. In recognition of the reputation he had gained in this, he was appointed the first Bishop of Cartagena on December 5, 1537 by Emperor Charles V, which was approved by Pope Paul III. He returned to Spain where he was consecrated for this office on 29 June 29, 1538 by Luis Cabeza de Vaca, at that time the Bishop of Salamanca.[3][4][5]

At that time, the only resident bishop in South America was the Bishop of Cuzco in Peru, based in the former capital of the Inca Empire. With the growing influence under the Spanish Empire of the city of Las Reyes, as the city was then called, Pope Paul III established a new diocese with its seat there on May 13, 1541. Loayza was appointed the first Bishop of Lima, with the diocese soon being raised to the status of an archdiocese on 12 February 12, 1546.[5]

As the head of an ecclesiastical province, Loayza was vigorous in his efforts at establishing the mission of the Catholic Church in the New World, continuing to show the spirit of concern for the welfare of the indigenous population he had demonstrated in Cartagena. In line with this, he requested that the pope issue a decree recognizing the humanity of the native peoples of the Americas and clarifying their proper treatment by the Spanish Empire. He also established the Hospital de Santa Ana de los Naturales, predecessor of the current Hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza. The bishop established his residence at the hospital in order to supervise the treatment of its patients, and instructed the staff to provide the patients being discharged with food and money so that they could return securely to their home towns.[2]

In 1551, Loayza held the first Provincial Council of bishops of the region. In that same year he had construction begun of the Cathedral of Lima. Another Council was held in 1567 which issued significant documents, not just in Church matters, but analyzing the unjust treatment of the native population.[2]

To further education, Loayza founded schools at which the sons of the colonial elite studied together the sons of the native chiefs. He further supported the establishment of the University of San Marcos, the oldest university in the Americas, by members of his Order, under the leadership of Fray Thomas de San Martin, O.P.[2]

Loayza was, notably, the consecrator of Domingo de Santo Tomás, Bishop of La Plata o Charcas; Antonio Avendaño y Paz, Bishop of Concepción; Martín de Calatayud, Bishop of Santa Marta; and Juan Solano, the second Bishop of Cuzco.[3]

Loayza died on 25 October 1575.[3] His remains were initially buried, as per his wishes, on the grounds of the hospital he had founded and loved. In the 18th century, however, they were exhumed and entombed in the crypt of the Cathedral Basilica of Lima.[2]

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References
  1. Eubel, Konrad (1923). HIERARCHIA CATHOLICA MEDII ET RECENTIORIS AEVI Vol III (second ed.). Münster: Libreria Regensbergiana. pp. 154 and 225. (in Latin)
  2. "435° Aniversario de su Nacimiento: Fray Gerónimo de Loayza". Hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2013-07-28.
  3. Cheney, David M (19 December 2010). "Archbishop Jerónimo de Loayza, O.P." Catholic-Hierarchy. Retrieved 2 January 2010.
  4. "Archdiocese of Lima" Catholic-Hierarchy.org. David M. Cheney. Retrieved February 29, 2016
  5. "Metropolitan Archdiocese of Lima" GCatholic.org. Gabriel Chow. Retrieved February 29, 2016
Religious titles
Preceded by
Tomás de Toro		 Bishop of Cartagena
1537–1541		 Succeeded by
Francisco de Santa María Benavides Velasco
Preceded by
None		 Bishop of Lima / Archbishop of Lima
1541		 Succeeded by
Diego Gómez de Lamadrid
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