Jean Knox

Jean Marcia Montagu, Baroness Swaythling, CBE (née Leith-Marshall; 14 August 1908 – 13 December 1993), first married name Miller, second married name Knox, was Director of the Auxiliary Territorial Service from July 1941 to October 1943.

Knox in uniform as Chief Controller and Director ATS

Early life

She was born on 14 August 1908 to G. G. Leith-Marshall.[1] Before World War II, she lived in Leicestershire[2] and was a housewife. She had had no other job pre-war.[3]

Military service

Knox joined the Auxiliary Territorial Service nearly a year before the outbreak of World War II,[4] in October 1938,[5] and undertook kitchen duties.[6] She became a company commander,[3] in the 2nd Herts Company.[5] On 30 May 1941, she was given a commission in the ATS in the rank of second subaltern, equivalent to second lieutenant.[7] In April 1941, she was promoted to senior commandant (equivalent to major) and appointed Inspector of the ATS.[6] In that role, she inspected every ATS command and had a seat on the ATS Council.[8]

As the Director of the Auxiliary Territorial Service.

On 21 July 1941, she was appointed Director, Auxiliary Territorial Service. She was given the acting rank of chief controller (equivalent to major general), while holding the war substantive rank of senior commander (equivalent to major).[9] This made her the world's youngest general at that time.[2] One of her first actions as Director was to design a new, well fitting uniform for all ranks of the ATS.[10] On 21 July 1942, she was promoted to war substantive controller (equivalent to colonel) and made temporary chief controller.[11] She travelled to Canada in September 1942 to inspect the Canadian Women's Army Corps and assisted in its recruiting campaign.[12] She returned to the UK in November following the seven-week trip.[13] On 30 October 1943, she relinquished the appointment of Director, Auxiliary Territorial Service,[14] for health reasons.[15]

On 12 December 1943, she relinquished the temporary rank of chief controller and relinquished her commission, thereby retiring in the rank of war substantive controller.[14]

Later life

For six weeks in 1948, Knox was managing director of Peter Jones, Sloane Square, Chelsea, London. She gave no reason for her resignation in April 1948, but the department store described her appointment as a 'trial run'.[16]

Knox died on 13 December 1993, aged 85.[1]

Personal life

In 1926 she married Ewart Vivian Miller, he divorced her in 1933.
in 1935 she married S/Ldr. George Ronald Meldrum Knox son of Lt.-Col. James Meldrum Knox, with whom she had one daughter.[17] They were divorced before 1945.
In 1945, she married Stuart Albert Samuel Montagu, 3rd Baron Swaythling,[18] in Southampton.[17]

Honours

In the 1943 New Year Honours, Knox was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE).[19] She received the insignia of the Order at an investiture ceremony at Buckingham Palace from King George VI.[20]

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References
  1. "SWAYTHLING, Dowager Lady Jean Marcia Montagu". Who Was Who. A & C Black. December 2007. Retrieved 21 July 2013.
  2. "WORLD'S YOUNGEST GENERAL IS WOMAN". The Courier-Mail. Brisbane: National Library of Australia. 27 September 1941. p. 7. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
  3. "Wife Joins up, now 'General' at 33". Dail Mail. 9 July 1941. p. 3.
  4. "She's a Major-General..." The Australian Women's Weekly. National Library of Australia. 19 July 1941. p. 33. Retrieved 21 July 2013.
  5. "Mrs. Knox of ATS Resigns". Daily Mail. 22 October 1943. p. 3.
  6. "No Title". The Examiner. Launceston, Tas.: National Library of Australia. 8 September 1941. p. 6 Edition: LATE NEWS EDITION. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
  7. "No. 35211". The London Gazette (Supplement). 4 July 1941. pp. 3906–3907.
  8. ""THE WOMAN WITH THE IDEAS"". The Sydney Morning Herald. National Library of Australia. 22 April 1941. p. 2 Supplement: Women's Supplement. Retrieved 21 July 2013.
  9. "No. 35236". The London Gazette (Supplement). 1 August 1941. p. 4496.
  10. Churchill, Rhona (22 July 1941). "Mrs. Knox Designs 'Tailor-Mades' for the ATS". Daily Mail. p. 3.
  11. "No. 35645". The London Gazette (Supplement). 24 July 1942. p. 3298.
  12. "British A.T.S. Chief in Canada". The Times. 11 September 1942. p. 3.
  13. "A. T. S. Director Back". Daily Mail. 2 November 1942. p. 3.
  14. "No. 36283". The London Gazette (Supplement). 10 December 1943. p. 5428.
  15. le17866858 "LEADER OF BRITISH A.T.S. RESIGNS" Check |url= value (help). The Sydney Morning Herald. National Library of Australia. 22 October 1943. p. 6. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
  16. "Jean Knox quits after six weeks". Daily Mail. 21 April 1948. p. 1.
  17. "Former ATS chief marries". Daily Mail. 16 August 1945. p. 3.
  18. "SWAYTHLING, 3rd Baron". Who Was Who. A & C Black. November 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2013.
  19. "No. 35841". The London Gazette. 29 December 1942. p. 9.
  20. "Investiture at the Palace". The Times. 10 February 1943. p. 7.
Military offices
Preceded by
Dame Helen Gwynne-Vaughan		 Director, Auxiliary Territorial Service
1941–1943		 Succeeded by
Dame Leslie Whateley
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