James Norfolk

Sir James Norfolk (died 1680) was Serjeant-at-Arms to the Speaker of the House of Commons of England during the reign of Charles II.[1]

Biography

In 1656 Norfolk purchased Colchester Castle from Charles, Lord Stanhope. On Norfolk's death it passed to his son, who sold it in 1688 to a John Wheely.[2][3]

Shortly before the return of Charles II to England and the restoration of the monarchy, ignoring those who held letters of patents for the office of Serjeant-at-Arms granted by Charles I, the House of Commons of the Convention Parliament appointed James Norfolk to the office on 25 April 1660.[4]

In January 1661 James Norfolk was instructed by the House to find the bodies of the regicides John Bradshaw, Oliver Cromwell, Henry Ireton and Thomas Pride. He located the first three corpses which were then—on 30 January 1661 (12 years to the day since the execution of Charles I)—subject to a posthumous execution: disinterred, hanged at Tyburn and beheaded. The bodies were thrown into a pit and the heads placed on spikes at the end of Westminster Hall (the building where the trial of Charles I had taken place).[5]

Norfolk was reappointed as Serjeant-at-Arms to the Speaker of the House of Commons in May 1661 with Royal consent.[1]

At the Restoration a new Mace had been commissioned but in 1670 Norfolk reported to the House that the Mace was no longer fit for service, so an order was issued to the Master of the Jewel House to have a new one made for the Serjeant-at-Arms' use.[6]

On 2 June 1675 the Speaker of the House of Commons ordered that Norfolk be apprehended and sent to the Tower of London for failure to carry out wishes of the House of Commons. However, he could not be found. His disappearance coincided with a dispute between the House of Commons and the House of Lords. The Commons had ordered Sergeant Norfolk to detain certain people overnight so that they could be brought to the bar of the House of Commons for questioning. Black Rod was ordered by the House of Lords to free the men. Black Rod had carried out his orders while Norfolk had failed to carry out his.[7]

Norfolk died and was buried in the churchyard at Romford Chapel on 18 November 1680.[8]

Family
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James Norfolk had several children:

  • John (died 1675)[8]
  • Martha married Hope Gifford, Councillor-at-Law of Colchester[9]

Notes
  1. Public Record Office 1860, p. 606 cites Docquet Book p. 116.
  2. Grose 1784, p. 121.
  3. "Sir Francis Jobson, who had been one of the Visitors of the Monasteries. His granddaughter brought them in marriage to Edward Brooke Esq. of Suffolk. Their daughter was mother of Sir James Norfolk, who acquired the Castle in 1656" (Round 1882)
  4. The four office holders who were ignored were Michael Crake, Edward Birkhead, and Richard and William Bishop (Sainty & Bucholz 1997, p. 39).
  5. Bradshaw 2010, pp. 379–381
  6. Fell 1961, p. 69.
  7. Grey 1769, pp. 217-238.
  8. Lysons 1796, p. 200.
  9. londonaye (15 July 2010) [2008]. "Abdy of Felix Hall and Chobham Place". rootsweb.ancestry.com.
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References
  • Bradshaw, Richard Lee (2010), God's Battleaxe, Xlibris Corporation, pp. 379–381, ISBN 9781453583920
  • Fell, Sir Bryan H. (1961), Fell, Bryan H.; Mackenzie, K. R. (eds.), The Houses of Parliament: Illustrated guide to the Place of Westminster, Taylor & Francis, p. 69
  • Grey, Anchitell (1769), "Debates in 1675: June 1st-2nd", Grey's Debates of the House of Commons, 3, pp. 217–238
  • Grose, Francis (1784), The antiquities of England and Wales, Samuel Hooper, Henry Wigstead, p. 121
  • Lysons, Daniel (1796), The Environs of London: Counties of Herts, Essex & Kent, The Environs of London: Being an Historical Account of the Towns, Villages, and Hamlets, Within Twelve Miles of that Capital : Interspersed with Biographical Anecdotes, 4, T. Cadell, pp. 200
  • Great Britain Public Record Office; Francis Lawrance Bickley; Great Britain Admiralty; Company of Merchants of England Trading to the Levant (1860), Green, Mary Anne Everett; Daniell, Francis Henry Blackburne (eds.), Calendar of State Papers, Domestic Series, of the Reign of Charles II: 1660-1661, 1, Longman, Green, Longman, & Roberts, p. 606
  • Round, John Horace (1882), The history and antiquities of Colchester castle
  • Sainty, John Christopher; Bucholz, R. O. (1997), Officials of the Royal Household, 1660-1837: Department of the Lord Chamberlain and associated offices, 1, University of London, Institute of Historical Research, p. 39, ISBN 1871348404
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