James Avon Clyde, Lord Clyde

James Avon Clyde, Lord Clyde, KC, DL (14 November 1863 – 16 June 1944) was a Scottish politician and judge.

The Right Honourable The Lord Clyde KC DL
Lord Justice General
In office 1 April 1920 – 1 April 1935
Preceded by	The Lord Strathclyde
Succeeded by	The Lord Normand
Lord Advocate
In office December 1916 – January 1920
Preceded by	Robert Munro
Succeeded by	Thomas Morison
Solicitor General for Scotland
In office October 1905 – December 1905
Preceded by	Edward Theodore Salvesen
Succeeded by	Alexander Ure
Parliamentary Representation Member of Parliament for Edinburgh North In office 14 December 1918 – 25 March 1920 Preceded by Constituency created Succeeded by Patrick Ford Member of Parliament for Edinburgh West In office 17 May 1909 – 25 November 1918 Preceded by Lewis McIver Succeeded by John Gordon Jameson
Personal details
Born	(1863-11-14)14 November 1863
Died	16 June 1944(1944-06-16) (aged 80) Edinburgh, Scotland

Early life

Clyde was born on 14 November 1863, the son of Dr James Clyde LLD (1821-1912).[1] His father was Rector of the Dollar Academy and then of the Edinburgh Academy.[2]

He was educated at the Edinburgh Academy and at the University of Edinburgh, where he graduated with an MA 1884 and an LLB in 1888.[1]

Career

Clyde was called to the Scots Bar in 1889,[1] and by the times he was appointed a King's Counsel (KC) in August 1901,[3] he was the leading junior counsel in Scotland.[2] As a KC, he was retained by several railway companies and frequently appeared before the Law Lords.[2]

He was later Dean of the Faculty of Advocates from 1915–1918.[1]

He held office briefly as Solicitor General for Scotland from October 1905[4] to December 1905.[1]

He was the unsuccessful Tory candidate for Clackmannanshire and Kinross-shire in 1906.[5] He was elected at a by-election in May 1909 as the Liberal Unionist Member of Parliament (MP) for Edinburgh West, and held the seat until 1918.[6] He was Coalition Unionist member for Edinburgh North from 1918–1920.[2]

He was appointed a Privy Counsellor in December 1916.[7] He was also appointed to the Dardanelles Commission. He served as Lord Advocate from December 1916[8] to 1920 in Lloyd George's coalition government. He was appointed to the bench and served as Lord Justice General and Lord President of the Court of Session from 1920[9] to 1935, with the judicial title Lord Clyde. During this time Lord Clyde gave this famous quote (in taxation circles) in the case of Ayrshire Pullman Motor Services v Inland Revenue [1929] 14 Tax Case 754, at 763,764:[10]

"No man in the country is under the smallest obligation, moral or other, so to arrange his legal relations to his business or property as to enable the Inland Revenue to put the largest possible shovel in his stores. The Inland Revenue is not slow, and quite rightly, to take every advantage which is open to it under the Taxing Statutes for the purposes of depleting the taxpayer's pocket. And the taxpayer is in like manner entitled to be astute to prevent, so far as he honestly can, the depletion of his means by the Inland Revenue"

He was a Deputy Lieutenant of Kinross-shire,[1] and later became Lord Lieutenant of Kinross-shire from 1937 until his death. He was Chairman of the Trustees of the National Library of Scotland from 1936 to 1944.[2]

Personal life

In 1895 Clyde married Anna Margaret MacDiarmid.[1] They had two sons; the older, James Latham Clyde, later also became Lord Advocate and Lord Justice General.

Clyde died in Edinburgh on 16 June 1944.[2]

References

1. Hesilridge, Arthur G. M. (ed.). Debrett's House of Commons and the Judicial Bench. London: Dean & Son. p. 354. Retrieved 11 January 2011 – via archive.org.
2. "Obituary". The Times (Issue 49885). London. 17 June 1944. p. 6. Retrieved 11 January 2011 – via The Times Digital Archive.
3. "No. 27346". The London Gazette. 16 August 1901. p. 5410.
4. "No. 11770". The Edinburgh Gazette. 20 October 1905. p. 1001.
5. Craig, F. W. S. (1989) [1974]. British parliamentary election results 1885–1918 (2nd ed.). Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. p. 534. ISBN 0-900178-27-2.
6. Craig, British parliamentary election results 1885–1918, page 500
7. "No. 29875". The London Gazette. 22 December 1916. p. 12471.
8. "No. 13026". The Edinburgh Gazette. 15 December 1916. p. 2348.
9. "No. 13588". The Edinburgh Gazette. 20 April 1920. p. 1119.
10. Martin Hagen, Tax Evasion or Legitimate... Accountancy Magazine November 2009

External links

• Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by James Clyde

Legal offices
Preceded by Edward Theodore Salvesen	Solicitor General for Scotland 1905	Succeeded by Alexander Ure
Preceded by Robert Munro	Lord Advocate 1916–1920	Succeeded by Thomas Brash Morison
Preceded by Lord Strathclyde	Lord Justice General 1920–1935	Succeeded by Lord Normand
Honorary titles
Preceded by Sir Henry Purvis-Russell-Montgomery	Lord Lieutenant of Kinross-shire 1937–1944	Succeeded by Henry Keith Purvis-Russell-Montgomery
Parliament of the United Kingdom
Preceded by Lewis McIver	Member of Parliament for Edinburgh West 1909–1918	Succeeded by John Gordon Jameson
New constituency	Member of Parliament for Edinburgh North 1918–1920	Succeeded by Patrick Ford