Jagat Jang Rana

Jagat Jang Kunwar Rana[1], popularly known as Jagat Jang Rana (Nepali: जगतजङ्ग राणा) was a Nepalese politician, military officer and courtier in the Kingdom of Nepal. He was the eldest son of the founder of Rana dynasty, Jung Bahadur Kunwar Rana. He claimed the Premiership of Kingdom of Nepal and the throne of Maharaja of Lamjung and Kaski against the traditional agnatic succession of the Rana dynasty. Driven by this motive, he attempted a coup against his uncles; Maharaja Prime Minister Ranodip Singh Kunwar and Commander-In-Chief Dhir Shamsher Kunwar Rana in the winter of 1881-1882. He was immediately thrown out of the roles of succession among Ranas. Later, he was pardoned and was impeased by Ranodip Singh as his successor after the death of Dhir Shamsher, which caused envy among his Shamsher cousins and ultimately led to his death in the 1885 Shamsher coup.

Commanding-General Shree Shree Shree Maharajkumar Jagat Jang Kunwar Rana
श्री श्री श्री महाराजकुमार जर्नेल जगतजङ्ग कुँवर राणा
Jagat Jang Kunwar Rana, eldest son of Jang Bahadur
Personal details
Born	1 March 1848 Kathmandu, Kingdom of Nepal
Died	22 November 1885 Manohara Darbar, Kathmandu, Kingdom of Nepal
Spouse(s)	Tika Rajya Lakshmi Devi (first wife) a daughter of Raja Sheoraj Singh of Kashipur India (second wife)
Children	Yuddha Pratap Jung Rana (a.k.a. Naati Jarnel)
Mother	a sister of Sanak Singh Shripali Tandon
Father	Jang Bahadur Kunwar Rana
Relatives	see Kunwar family; see Rana dynasty; see Thapa dynasty; see Pande dynasty
Military service
Allegiance	Nepal
Rank	Commanding General

Early Life

Further information: Rana dynasty

He was born at Kathmandu on 1 March 1848 as the second son of Jang Bahadur Rana with his second wife. In 1839, Jang Bahadur's first infant son had already died[2], thus, he was referred as the eldest son of Jang Bahadur Rana.[3][4]

Career

Feud at father's funeral

Jagat Jang and Crown Prince Trailokya of Nepal plotted to force King Surendra of Nepal to abdicate the throne and appoint Jagat Jang as the Prime Minister of Nepal after the death of Jagat Jang's father, Jang Bahadur.[3] Jang Bahadur died on Falgun 1933 V.S. (March 1877) at Rautahat.[5][note 1] Dhir Shamsher Rana circulated a rumour that his brother Jang Bahadur was critically ill, upon which Jagat Jang and Crown Prince Trailokya rushed to Patharghatta.[5] On their absence in Kathmandu, Dhir Shamsher immediately imposed King Surendra to declare Ranodip Singh Kunwar as Prime Minister of Nepal[3] and destroyed the plot of Jagat Jang and the Crown Prince. Afterwards Jagat Jang and Prince Trailokya came back to Kathmandu after the funeral, they began to overthrow Jagat Jagat's uncle Dhir Shamsher from the political scenario of Nepal.[5][6]

Coup attempt of 1938 (1881-82)

When Commander-In-Chief of the Nepalese Army, Jagat Shamsher Kunwar Rana, died in 1879, Dhir Shamsher succeeded him but did not intend to transfer his current position of Senior Commanding-General of Western Commanding forces to his nephew Jagat Jang because the forces under Western Command were huge.[7][8] This event further incensed the relationship of Jagat Jang with his uncle Dhir Shamsher.[7] The faction of Bharadars against Ranodip Singh and Dhir Shamsher led by Crown Prince Trailokya and Jagat Jang, attempted coup d'état twice in the year 1938 Vikram Samvat (1881-1882 CE) against both the Prime Minister Ranodip Singh and the Army Chief Dhir Shamsher.[5] Both attempts were aborted, and for the third attempt, the date of execution was fixed on last day of Poush (December 14, 1881)[5] when Ranodip Singh went on a hunting trip to Terai.[9] The conspirating faction sought the assistance of Lieutenant Uttardhwaj[note 2] who had ancestral rivalry with the Shrivikram Singh Thapa, a member of the conspirator group due to which, Lt. Uttardhwaj revealed the plot to Dhir Shamsher[5] who was in Kathmandu[9] and the conspiracy was immediately informed to the entouring Prime Minister Ranodip Singh.[9] Bambir Bikram Rana, Sangramsur Bisht and Amrit Simha Adhikari, members of conspirating faction, revealed the conspiracy.[5] Jagat Jung and Bambir Bikram Rana were removed out of the roles of succession of Ranas.[10]

Coup of 1942 (1885)

Dhir Shamsher died on 14 October 1884.[11] After his death, Maharaja Ranodip Singh called his estranged nephew Jagat Jang and began to impease him.[12] All faction of Ranas knew that Jagat Jung would murder and destroy the Shamsher family if he succeeds the uncle Maharaja Ranodip Singh.[13] The insecurity of sons of Dhir Shamsher (Shamsher faction) escalated due to impeasement of Jagat Jang by Ranodip Singh and they were against this recent uprising of Jagat Jang.[14] Finally, they overpowered their cousins and conducted the 1885 Shamsher coup. In the coup, Prime Minister Ranodip Singh Kunwar and Jagat Jung were killed.[4] By the coup of 1885, Shamsher brothers established the "rule of seventeen brothers"[15] and a new era in Nepal.[16]

Ancestry

Ancestors of Jagat Jang Rana
16. Ram Krishna Kunwar 8. Ranajit Kunwar 4. Bal Narsingh Kunwar 2. Jang Bahadur Kunwar Rana 20. Amar Singh Thapa (sanukaji) 10. Nain Singh Thapa 21. Satyarupa Maya 5. Ganesh Kumari Thapa 22. Ranajit Pande 11. Rana Kumari Pande 1. Jagat Jang Rana

References

Footnotes

1. However, as per historians Bhuwan Joshi and Leo E. Rose, Jang Bahadur died on February 1877.[3]
2. Historians Bhuwan Joshi and Leo E. Rose as well as Historian Ishwari Prasad referred the whistleblower as grandson of Gagan Singh.[9]

Sources

1. Acharya 2019, p. 245.
2. Rana, Pramod Shumsher (2009). Ranashasanko Britanta. Kathmandu: Pairavi Book House. pp. 31, 32, 44. ISBN 978-11146-30-72-7.
3. Joshi & Rose 1966, p. 45.
4. Whelpton 2005, p. 243.
5. Acharya 1974, p. 91.
6. Shaha 1990, p. 277.
7. Kumar 1967, p. 72.
8. Adhikari 1984, p. 186.
9. Joshi & Rose 1966, p. 43.
10. Prasad 1996, p. 29.
11. Shaha 1990, p. 281.
12. Rana, Purushottam S.J.B. (1998). Jung Bahadur Rana: the story of his rise and glory. Book Faith India. p. 150. ISBN 978-81-7303-087-1.
13. Tribhuvan University 1978, p. 8. sfn error: no target: CITEREFTribhuvan_University1978 (help)
14. JBR, PurushottamShamsher (1990). Shree Teen Haruko Tathya Britanta (in Nepali). Bhotahity, Kathmandu: Vidarthi Pustak Bhandar. ISBN 99933-39-91-1.
15. Joshi & Rose 1966, p. 34.
16. Prasad 1996, p. 30.

Books

• Acharya, Baburam (1 May 1974) [1972], "The 1882 IncidentsX" (PDF), Regmi Research Series, 6 (5): 91–94
• Acharya, Baburam (2019). Acharya, Shrikrishna (ed.). Aba Yasto Kahilyai Nahos (in Nepali). Kathmandu: Fine Print Books. ISBN 978-9937-665-40-7.
• Whelpton, John (2005). A History of Nepal. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521804707.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)

• Adhikari, Indra (2015), Military and Democracy in Nepal, Routledge, ISBN 9781317589068

• Prasad, Ishwari (1 January 1996). The Life and Times of Maharaja Juddha Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana of Nepal. APH Publishing. ISBN 978-81-7024-756-2.

• Shaha, Rishikesh (1990), Modern Nepal 1769–1885, Riverdale Company, ISBN 0-913215-64-3

• Joshi, Bhuwan Lal; Rose, Leo E. (1966), Democratic Innovations in Nepal: A Case Study of Political Acculturation, University of California Press

• Rose, Leo E. (1971). Nepal; strategy for survival. University of California Press. ISBN 9780520016439.

• Tribhuvan University (T.U.) (1978). Voice of History. 4–6. Kirtipur: Tribhuvan University.

• Kumar, Satish (1967). Rana polity in Nepal; origin and growth. Asia Pub. House.

• Singh, Nagendra Kr (1997). Nepal: Refugee to Ruler: A Militant Race of Nepal. APH Publishing. p. 125. ISBN 9788170248477. Retrieved 7 November 2012.

• Tyagi, Sushila (1974). Indo-Nepalese Relations: (1858 - 1914). India: Concept Publishing Company.

• Adhikari, Krishna Kant (1984), Nepal Under Jang Bahadur, 1846-1877, 1, Nepal: Buku, ISBN 9788180698132