Jabriyah
Jabriyah was an early islamic philosophical school based on the belief that humans are controlled by predestination, without having choice or free will. The Jabriya school originated during the Umayyad dynasty in Basra. The first representative of this school was Al-Ja'd ibn Dirham (executed in 724).[1]
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The term is derived from the Arabic root j-b-r, in the sense which gives the meaning of someone who is forced or coerced by destiny.
The term Jabriyah is a derogatory term used by different Islamic groups that they consider wrong, so it is not a specific theological school.[2]
The Ash'ariyah used the term Jabriyah in the first place to describe the followers of Jahm ibn Safwan (died 746) in that they regarded their faith as a middle position between Qadariyah and Jabriya. On the other hand, the Mu'tazilah and Maturidiyah considered Ash'ariyah as Jabriyah because, in their opinion, they rejected the orthodox doctrine of free will.[3]
The Shiites used the term Jabriyah to describe Ash'ariyah and Hanbalis.[4]
References
- Ибрагим, Т. К. и Сагадеев А. В. ал-Джабрийа // Ислам: энциклопедический словарь / отв. ред. С. М. Прозоров. — М. : Наука, ГРВЛ, 1991. — С. 57-58.
- Josef van (2011-01-17). Der Eine und das Andere. Berlin, New York: DE GRUYTER. ISBN 9783110215786.
- William Montgomery Watt: "Djabriyya" in The Encyclopaedia of Islam. New Edition Bd. II, S. 365a
- M. Heidari-Abkenar: Die ideologische und politische Konfrontation Schia-Sunna am Beispiel der Stadt Rey des 10.-12. Jh. n. Chr. Inaugural-Dissertation, Universität Köln, 1992