Jaba', Jerusalem

Jaba’ (Arabic: جبع‎) is a Palestinian town in the Jerusalem Governorate, located northeast of Jerusalem in the central West Bank. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, the town had a population of 3,239 in 2006.[3]

Jaba’
Municipality type D (Village council)
Arabic transcription(s)
 • Arabicجبع
Jaba', Jerusalem from the north
Jaba’
Location of Jaba’ within Palestine
Coordinates: 31°51′27″N 35°15′40″E
Palestine grid174/140
StateState of Palestine
GovernorateJerusalem
Government
 • TypeVillage council
Elevation664 m (2,178 ft)
Population
 (2006)
 • Total3,239
Name meaningThe hill[2]

Location

Jaba' is located 9.12 kilometers (5.67 mi) (horizontally) north-west of Jerusalem. It is bordered by Mikhmas and 'Anata to the east, Mikhmas to the north, Ar Ram to the west, and Hizma and 'Anata to the south.[1]

History

Robinson thought Jaba' was ancient Gibeah[4] while Guérin thought Jaba' was ancient Geba.[5] Ceramics from the Byzantine era have been found here.[6]

Ottoman era

In 1517, the village was included in the Ottoman empire with the rest of Palestine, and in the 1596 tax-records it appeared as [Jaba] al-Battih, located in the Nahiya of Quds of the Liwa of Al-Quds. The population was 51 households, all Muslim. They paid a fixed tax rate of 33.3% on agricultural products, such as wheat, barley, olive trees, fruit trees, goats and beehives, in addition to occasional revenues; a total of 9,442 akçe. 1/6 of the revenue went to a Muslim charitable endowment.[7][8][9]

In 1838, it was a Muslim village, located in the area immediately north of Jerusalem.[4] That year Robinson further noted it as a small village, and half in ruins. There were occasional large hewn stones, indicating antiquity. He also noted a small building, having the appearance of an ancient church, and a square tower.[10]

In 1863 Guérin noted: "Thirty of the houses only are standing. On the highest point of the plateau on which they are placed is a little fort or Burj, the lower courses of which, if they are not ancient, are at least built of ancient stones. Here and there cisterns and caves cut in the rock show the antiquity of the place. There is also an old wall of great square stones, only a few vestiges of which remain."[11] An Ottoman village list from about 1870 found that the village had a population of 100, in a total of 35 houses, though the population count included only men.[12][13]

In 1883, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine (SWP) described it as "A village of moderate size standing on a rocky knoll. On the north is a deep valley (Wady Suweinit); on the south the ground falls less abruptly, but is very rocky; on the west the ridge is flat; and on the east is a plain extending for about 1 1/2 miles, and about 1/2 mile wide north and south. This plain is open arable land, extending to the brink of the precipitous cliffs on the north. The village has caves beneath, at the foot of the knoll [...] and there are olives on the west, north, and south. There is a central high house like a tower in the village.[14]

They further noted: "There is a large cave beneath the village on the east, about 20 to 30 paces square, with a passage on the left at the back, extending 15 paces. This is partly cut, partly natural, with a double entrance. A second like it is said to exist nearer the village. West of the village, by the old road, are cisterns, rock-cut, and in one case roofed with a rubble tunnel-vault."[15]

In 1896 the population of Dscheba was estimated to be about 204 persons.[16]

British Mandate era

In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Juba had a population of 229, all Muslims,[17] increasing in the 1931 census to 286 Muslim inhabitants, in 53 inhabited houses.[18]

In the 1945 statistics Jaba had a population of 350 Muslims[19] with 13,407 dunams of land, according to an official land and population survey.[20] Of this, 282 dunams were plantations and irrigable land, 3,794 used for cereals,[21] while 24 dunams were built-up (urban) land.[22]

Jordanian era

In the wake of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and after the 1949 Armistice Agreements, Jaba' came under Jordanian rule.

The Jordanian census of 1961 found 415 inhabitants in Jaba'.[23]

Post-1967

After the Six-Day War in 1967, Jaba' came under Israeli occupation. The population in the 1967 census conducted by the Israeli authorities was 546, 8 of whom originated from the Israeli territory.[24]

After the 1995 accords, about 5% of the village land was classified as Area B, the remaining 95% as Area C.[25] Israel has confiscated village land for the construction of two Israeli settlements: 1,139 dunums for Giva’ Ben Yamin, 545 dunums for Shi’ar BenYamin, as well as for a military checkpoint, with additional land requisitioned for the Israeli West Bank barrier.[26]

Footnotes
  1. Jaba' Village Profile, ARIJ, p. 4
  2. Palmer, 1881, p. 296
  3. Projected Mid -Year Population for Jerusalem Governorate by Locality 2004- 2006 Archived 2012-02-07 at the Wayback Machine Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics.
  4. Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol. 3, 2nd appendix, p. 122
  5. Guerin, 1869, pp. 67-69
  6. Dauphin, 1998, p. 844
  7. Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 116, has not identified it
  8. Toledano, 1984, p. 294, has Jaba al-Battikh at location 35°15′30″E 31°51′30″N. He further thinks the name could come from the nearby cave of Mugarat al-Battikh (cave of the melon), see Palmer, 1881, p. 322
  9. Ben-Arieh, 1985, p. 90
  10. Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol. 2, pp. 113-114; 316
  11. Guerin, 1869, pp. 67-68; as given in Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, p. 94
  12. Socin, 1879, p. 153. It was also noted to be in the Bire area
  13. Hartmann, 1883, p. 127 also noted 35 houses
  14. Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, p. 9
  15. Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, p. 94
  16. Schick, 1896, p. 121
  17. Barron, 1923, Table VII, Sub-district of Jerusalem, p. 14
  18. Mills, 1932, p. 40
  19. Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 24
  20. Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 57
  21. Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 102
  22. Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 152
  23. Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics, 1964, p. 23
  24. Perlmann, Joel (November 2011 – February 2012). "The 1967 Census of the West Bank and Gaza Strip: A Digitized Version" (PDF). Levy Economics Institute. Retrieved 24 June 2016.
  25. Jaba' Village Profile, ARIJ, p. 16
  26. Jaba' Village Profile, ARIJ, pp. 17-18:'The Israeli government has confiscated lands in Jaba' village to construct Israeli bypass road including road 60 and road 437, connecting Israeli settlements in the area with neighboring settlements. Buffer zones created by the Israeli occupation forces, extending to 75m on either side of the bypass roads, are more problematic and threatening than the road itself.Israeli authorities have also confiscated part of the village’s land to establish a military base on the western side of the village.

Bibliography
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