Bicomponent fiber

A bicomponent fiber is made of two materials, utilizing desired properties of each material.[1][2]

Such fibers can be created by extrusion spinning.[3][4][5]

One or both materials may remain in the finished product, or one material may be dissolved, leaving only one material remaining. For example, DuPont created the highly coiled elastic fiber called cantrese having two different nylon polymers side-by-side.[6]

Formats

Formats of bicomponent fibers include:[6]

Side-by-side

Extrusions are side-by-side within a single filament

Core-sheath

Extrusions with one material surrounding another

Segmented

Segmented like sections of a pie

Islands-in-the-sea

Islands-in-the-sea extrusions are also called matrix-fibril, because fibrils of one polymer are distributed in the matrix of another polymer. The matrix is known as the "sea", and the fibrils are known as islands.[7] The matrix is a soluble material that is washed away by a suitable solvent at some point in the manufacturing process. What remains at the microscopic level are bundles of thin parallel fibers, resulting in a fabric that is very soft and flexible.

Applications

Islands-in-the-sea can be melt blown to produce fabric such as Alcantara.

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References
  1. "Bicomponent Fibers—Classification of Bicomponent Fibers—Production of Bicomponent Fibers—Application of Bicomponent Fibers". Textile Learner. Retrieved August 1, 2019.
  2. Jeffrey S. Dugan (July–August 2010). "Specialty Markets — Bicomponent Fibers". Textile World. Textile Industries Media Group. Retrieved August 1, 2019.
  3. US7622188B2, "Islands-in-sea type composite fiber and process for producing the same"
  4. Janet Bealer Rodie (September 16, 2013). "Quality Fabric Of The Month: A Sea Change For Microfibers". Textile World. Textile Industries Media Group. Retrieved July 31, 2019.
  5. Soltani, Iman; Macosko, Chrisotpher W. (2018). "Influence of rheology and surface properties on morphology of nanofibers derived from islands-in-the-sea meltblown nonwovens". Polymer. 145: 21–30. doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2018.04.051.
  6. "MODULE 7. SMART/FUNCTIONAL SPECIALITY FIBRES—7.3 Bicomponent and Micro Fibres (2 Lectures)—Bicomponent Fibres". National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL). Archived from the original on June 3, 2019. Retrieved July 31, 2019.
  7. Mbwana Suleiman Ndaro; Xiang-yu Jin; Ting Chen; Chong-wen Yu (2007). "Splitting of Islands-in-the-Sea Fibers (PA6/COPET) During Hydroentangling of Nonwovens". Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics. 2 (4). doi:10.1177/155892500700200402. S2CID 34868300.
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