Isabel Florence Hapgood

Isabel Florence Hapgood (November 21, 1851 – June 26, 1928) was an American ecumenist, writer and translator, especially of Russian and French texts.

Isabel Florence Hapgood
Isabel F. Hapgood, in 1890
Born(1851-11-21)November 21, 1851
Boston, Massachusetts, United States
DiedJune 26, 1928(1928-06-26) (aged 76)
New York City, United States

Early life

Hapgood was born in Boston, to Asa Hapgood and Lydia Anna Bronson Crossley, with her twin brother Asa. Their parents later had another son, William Frank Hapgood (who became a patent lawyer). Asa Hapgood was an inventor, and his family of English and Scottish descent had lived near Worcester, Massachusetts since the 17th century.[1] Her mother's father had emigrated from England and owned a farm in Mason County, Kentucky.[2] While Asa was sent to Harvard University, which did not accept women (and ultimately went into the paper business), Isabel attended Worcester's Collegiate Institute between 1863 and 1865, then transferred to Miss Porter's School in Farmington, Connecticut. She graduated in 1868, the year her father died. Hapgood showed considerable language abilities, mastering many Romance and Germanic as well as Slavic languages, including Russian, Polish and Church Slavonic.[3]

Career

Hapgood became a major translator of French and Russian literature, as well as a key figure in the dialogue between Western Christianity and Orthodoxy. She helped Harvard professor Francis James Child with his Book of Ballads which began publication in 1882. In 1885 Hapgood published her own Epic Songs of Russia,[4] for which Child supplied a preface, and which received several good reviews. The next year Hapgood published translations of Leo Tolstoy’s Childhood, Boyhood, Youth and Nikolay Gogol’s Taras Bulba and Dead Souls. In 1887 her translations of the major works of Victor Hugo began publication, introducing that major French author to American audiences.

Hapgood dreamed of traveling to Russia, and so engaged a Russian lady to help her attain fluency in the spoken language. Between 1887 and 1889, she and her widowed mother traveled through Russia. While there, Hapgood met several significant Russian literary and clerical figures. After that trip, Hapgood began traveling about annually to Russia. On that long first trip, Hapgood spent several weeks with the famous Russian novelist Leo Tolstoy on his country estate, and continued publishing translations of his works. In 1891, The Atlantic magazine published a lengthy article by Hapgood detailing her observations of Tolstoy as a man trying to live his ideal life.[5]

For 22 years, Hapgood wrote for the New York Evening Post and the Nation, as a journalist, foreign correspondent and editorial writer.[6] In 1893 Hapgood reviewed a book by Kate Marsden which described her journey across Russia to find a cure for leprosy. She picked the book to pieces and cast Marsden as "an adventuress" who was only trying to help "her lepers". The Royal Geographical Society lauded Marsden, but Hapgood discounted her efforts. Hapgood wrote to everyone from Queen Victoria down warning them about Kate Marsden. One scholar later speculated that Hapgood was jealous of Marsden writing about "her" country or because of homophobic rumours about Marsden.[7]

Many of the writers Hapgood translated were people of strong religious convictions. Hapgood herself was a lifelong and devout Episcopalian.

Particularly impressed by the Russian Orthodox liturgy and choral singing, Hapgood wanted to translate them for American audiences. Tikhon, then Archbishop of Alaska and the Aleutian Islands, supported her efforts and became her friend. Hapgood helped organize the choir for his consecration of St. Nicholas Cathedral in New York City in 1903. Tikhon's successor after his return to Russia and promotion, Archbishop Nicholas, gave Hapgood a complete set of Church Slavonic texts. The first edition of her translation appeared in 1906. In 1916-1917 Hapgood was visiting Tikhon, who had become Patriarch of Moscow, and editing a second edition of the work during her trip to Moscow when the Russian Revolution broke out. She became one of the first to report on the execution of the Romanov family.[8] Hapgood escaped with the assistance of the American Consul and returned to the United States. Because Patriarch Tikhon was under house arrest, the second edition was not published until 1922 (by the Young Men's Christian Association), but it did contain Tikhon's endorsement dated November 3, 1921.[9] For those eleven years of work, Hapgood accepted a $500 honorarium.[3] The book received favorable reviews by Orthodox and Anglican reviewers; several editions were also published by other Orthodox denominations, including the Antiochian Orthodox, after her death.[10]

Isabel F. Hapgood, from a 1906 publication

Hapgood continued to admire Orthodox church music and helped Orthodox choirs in the United States, including performances at the Cathedral of St. John the Divine in New York City and before President Woodrow Wilson at the White House. She also compiled a history of Russian Church music, but the manuscript was never published and lost.[11]

Despite Count Tolstoy's admonition that she should marry, Hapgood never married (nor did either of her brothers), and had no children.

Death and legacy

Isabel Hapgood died in New York City on June 26, 1928, and her remains were taken to and buried in the familial plot in Worcester, Massachusetts.[12] The liturgical calendar of the Episcopal Church (USA) remembers the distinguished translator and ecumenist annually with a commemoration on June 26.

Her papers are in the Manuscript collection of the New York Public Library.[13]

Own works
  • The Epic Songs of Russia (1886) (new edition with an introduction by Prof J.W.Macktail, 1915))
  • Count Tolstoi and the Public Censor, 1887[14]
  • Notable Women: Sonya Kovalevsky,[15] as it appeared in Century Magazine (1895).
  • Russian Rambles (1895)[16]
  • A Survey of Russian Literature (1902)[17]
  • Little Russian and St. Petersburg Tales (Date Unknown)
  • 'The Death and Funeral of St. Raphael',[18] New York Tribune, March 8, 1915

Translations
gollark: ☭ U+262D HAMMER AND SICKLE EMOJI
gollark: ☭
gollark: CCCP
gollark: BBBBBB
gollark: What this does bring is *security* problems, which many people try to fix with misapplication of "cryptography".

References
  1. Warren Hapgood, The Hapgood Family: descendants of Shadrach 1656-1898 (1898) p. 256, available at https://books.google.com/books?id=xT09AAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Archived 2018-02-19 at the Wayback Machine
  2. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2013-08-10. Retrieved 2014-06-25.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  3. "Isabel Hapgood - OrthodoxWiki". orthodoxwiki.org. Archived from the original on 2008-07-06.
  4. Hapgood, Isabel Florence; Mackail, J. W. (John William) (17 February 2018). "The epic songs of Russia". New York : C. Scribner's Sons. Archived from the original on 11 March 2016 – via Internet Archive.
  5. Hapgood, Isabel (1891). "Count Tolstoy at Home". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on 2011-05-30. Retrieved 2011-05-26.
  6. "Isabel Florence Hapgood - Biography & Facts". Archived from the original on 2011-06-23.
  7. Anderson, Monica (2006). Women and the politics of travel : 1870-1914. Madison, NJ [u.a.]: Fairleigh Dickinson Univ. Press. p. 172. ISBN 0838640915.
  8. "p. 11" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2013-08-10.
  9. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2008-10-07. Retrieved 2008-10-01.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  10. "pp. 7-9" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2013-08-10.
  11. "pp. 10-11" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2013-08-10.
  12. "Orthodox English Translation". Rev. Peter M Preble. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2016-04-10.
  13. "archives.nypl.org -- Isabel Florence Hapgood papers". archives.nypl.org. Archived from the original on 2014-10-28.
  14. Wikisource:Count Tolstoi and the Public Censor
  15. Wikisource:Century Magazine/Volume 50/Issue 4/Notable Women: Sonya Kovalevsky
  16. "Russian Rambles by Isabel Florence Hapgood". Archived from the original on 2015-03-28.
  17. "A Survey of Russian Literature, with Selections by Isabel Florence Hapgood". Archived from the original on 2015-03-28.
  18. "Isabel Hapgood: The death and funeral of St. Raphael - OrthodoxHistory.org". 2 December 2010. Archived from the original on 24 April 2015.
  19. "Sevastopol by graf Leo Tolstoy". Archived from the original on 2015-09-05.
  20. Wikisource:Tolstoy's "Kreutzer Sonata"
  21. Wikisource:On Labor and Luxury
  22. Wikisource:On the Significance of Science and Art
  23. Wikisource:Article on the Census in Moscow
  24. (incomplete)
  25. Wikisource:What to Do?
  26. "What to Do? Thoughts Evoked by the Census of Moscow by graf Leo Tolstoy". Archived from the original on 2015-03-21.
  27. Wikisource:Old-Fashioned Farmers
  28. Wikisource:St. John's Eve (Gogol)
  29. "Notre-Dame De Paris by Victor Hugo". Archived from the original on 2018-03-21.
  30. "Review of The Evolution of France under the Third Republic by Baron Pierre de Coubertin, trans. from the French by Isabel F. Hapgood ..." The Quarterly Review. 189: 241–265. January 1899.
  31. Service Book Of Holy Orthodox Church By Hapgood.
  32. Church, Orthodox Eastern (1906-01-01). Service Book of the Holy Orthodox-Catholic Apostolic (Greco-Russian) Church. Houghton, Mifflin.
  33. Church, Orthodox Eastern (1922-01-01). Service Book of the Holy Orthodox-Catholic Apostolic Church. Association Press.
  34. "Cuore (Heart): An Italian Schoolboy's Journal by Edmondo De Amicis". Archived from the original on 2015-03-23.
  35. "The Diary of a Superfluous Man, and Other Stories by Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev". Archived from the original on 2015-03-21.
  36. "A Reckless Character, and Other Stories by Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev". Archived from the original on 2015-03-21.
  37. "A Nobleman's Nest by Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev". Archived from the original on 2015-03-21.
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