Interoperation

In engineering, interoperation is the setup of ad hoc components and methods to make two or more systems work together as a combined system with some partial functionality during a certain time, possibly requiring human supervision to perform necessary adjustments and corrections.

This contrasts to interoperability, which theoretically permits any number of systems compliant to a given standard to work together a long time smoothly and unattended as a combined system with the full functionality by the standard.

Another definition of interoperation: "services effectively combining multiple resources and domains...; requires interoperability".[1]

Usage

Interoperation is usually performed when the systems having to be combined were designed before standardization (for example legacy systems), or when standard compliance is too expensive, too difficult, or immature.

Interoperation may use following mechanisms, components and methods:

In the area of data processing, interoperation may also use following components and methods:

gollark: I'm not really dependent on any *particular* corporations.
gollark: I mean, openly-ish, given the current state of things, not fully openly.
gollark: I, for one, like having a functional modern economy, although there are large and significant problems.
gollark: A lot of the time "revolutions" seem to just be because one smaller group wants to impose a view which "everyone totally agrees with" on everyone else.
gollark: You can do that nonviolently. I suspect most people do not actually feel the same way, so it won't do much.

References
  1. Glossary Gio Wiederhold, "Glossary"; in Intelligent Integration of Information, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston MA, July 1996, pages 193--203; reprinted from the Journal of Intelligent Information Systems, Vol.6 Nos.2/3, June 1996, pages 281-291.


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