Incilius ibarrai

Incilius ibarrai (common name: Jalapa toad) is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is found in the central and southern highlands of Guatemala and adjacent Honduras.[1][2] The specific name ibarrai honors Jorge Alfonso Ibarra (1921–2000), then-director of the Guatemalan National Natural History Museum.[3][4]

Incilius ibarrai
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Anura
Family: Bufonidae
Genus: Incilius
Species:
I. ibarrai
Binomial name
Incilius ibarrai
(Stuart, 1954)
Synonyms[2]

Bufo ibarrai Stuart, 1954[3]
Cranopsis ibarrai (Stuart, 1954)
Ollotis ibarrai (Stuart, 1954)

Systematics

Incilius ibarrai belongs to the monophyletic Incilius coccifer group, which, in addition to the said species, includes Incilius cycladen, Incilius pisinnus, Incilius porteri, and Incilius signifer.[2][5]

Description

Adult males measure 43–82 mm (1.7–3.2 in) and adult females 61–94 mm (2.4–3.7 in) in snout–vent length. The snout is weakly pointed in dorsal view and rounded laterally. The cranial crests are well-developed, while the parietal crests are low. The supra-tympanic crest is large and bulbous; the tympanum is visible. The parotoid glands are large.[6] The toes are one-half to one-third webbed. Preserved specimens are pale yellowish gray mid-dorsally, becoming more yellow laterally and gradually shading into pale yellow ventrally.[3]

Habitat and conservation

Incilius ibarrai occurs in pine-oak, premontane, and lower montane moist forests at elevations of 1,360–2,020 m (4,460–6,630 ft) above sea level. It breeds in ponds, marshes, and wet meadows. It is threatened by habitat loss. Chytridiomycosis is also as a possible threat, and may have caused the decline of some formerly robust populations, e.g., in the Sierra de las Minas biosphere reserve.[1]

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References
  1. Acevedo, M. & Young, B. (2004). "Incilius ibarrai". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004: e.T54667A11183794. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T54667A11183794.en.
  2. Frost, Darrel R. (2017). "Incilius ibarrai (Stuart, 1954)". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 2 January 2018.
  3. Stuart, L. C. (1954). "Descriptions of some new Amphibians and Reptiles from Guatemala". Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 67: 159–177.
  4. Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael & Grayson, Michael (2013). The Eponym Dictionary of Amphibians. Pelagic Publishing. p. 101. ISBN 978-1-907807-42-8.
  5. Mendelson, Joseph R.; Mulcahy, Daniel G.; Williams, Tyler S. & Sites, Jack W. (2011). "A phylogeny and evolutionary natural history of mesoamerican toads (Anura: Bufonidae: Incilius) based on morphology, life history, and molecular data". Zootaxa. 3138: 1–34.
  6. Mendelson, Joseph R.; Williams, Becky L.; Sheil, Christopher A. & Mulcahy, Daniel G. (2005). "Systematics of the Bufo coccifer complex (Anura: Bufonidae) of Mesoamerica". Scientific Papers. Natural History Museum, University of Kansas. 38: 1–27.
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