Incidence poset

In mathematics, an incidence poset or incidence order is a type of partially ordered set that represents the incidence relation between vertices and edges of an undirected graph. The incidence poset of a graph G has an element for each vertex or edge in G; in this poset, there is an order relation x ≤ y if and only if either x = y or x is a vertex, y is an edge, and x is an endpoint of y.

Example

As an example, a zigzag poset or fence with an odd number of elements, with alternating order relations a < b > c < d... is an incidence poset of a path graph.

Properties

Every incidence poset of a non-empty graph has height two. Its width equals the number of edges plus the number of acyclic connected components.

Incidence posets have been particularly studied with respect to their order dimension, and its relation to the properties of the underlying graph. The incidence poset of a connected graph G has order dimension at most two if and only if G is a path graph, and has order dimension at most three if and only if G is at most planar (Schnyder's theorem).[1] However, graphs whose incidence posets have order dimension 4 may be dense[2] and may have unbounded chromatic number.[3] Every complete graph on n vertices, and by extension every graph on n vertices, has an incidence poset with order dimension O(log log n).[4] If an incidence poset has high dimension then it must contain copies of the incidence posets of all small trees either as sub-orders or as the duals of sub-orders.[5]

gollark: There's a config option to disable the reactor explosion, but apparently someone messed it up.
gollark: Here's a picture I found in my eternal screenshot library™, actually.
gollark: I had accidentally planned for this by having a small self-sufficient base in the End with teleporters and stuff, and a spatial IO system so that in an emergency I could just hit a button to save most of my stored resources.
gollark: There were backups, of course, but it was quite funny.
gollark: One time someone on a server I was on accidentally blew up all of spawn with one due to a technical error in the computers controlling the reactor.

References
  1. Schnyder, W. (1989), "Planar graphs and poset dimension", Order, 5 (4): 323–343, doi:10.1007/BF00353652.
  2. Agnarsson, Geir; Felsner, Stefan; Trotter, William T. (1999), "The maximum number of edges in a graph of bounded dimension, with applications to ring theory", Discrete Mathematics, 201 (1–3): 5–19, doi:10.1016/S0012-365X(98)00309-4, MR 1687854.
  3. Trotter, William T.; Wang, Ruidong (2014), "Incidence posets and cover graphs", Order, 31 (2): 279–287, arXiv:1308.2471, doi:10.1007/s11083-013-9301-9.
  4. Hoşten, Serkan; Morris, Walter D., Jr. (1999), "The order dimension of the complete graph", Discrete Mathematics, 201 (1–3): 133–139, doi:10.1016/S0012-365X(98)00315-X, MR 1687882.
  5. Brightwell, Graham R.; Trotter, William T. (1994), "Incidence posets of trees in posets of large dimension", Order, 11 (2): 159–167, doi:10.1007/BF01108600, MR 1302404.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.