Johann Karl Wilhelm Illiger

Johann Karl Wilhelm Illiger (19 November 1775 – 10 May 1813) was a German entomologist and zoologist.

Johann Karl Wilhelm Illiger
Born(1775-11-19)19 November 1775
Braunschweig
Died10 May 1813(1813-05-10) (aged 37)
Berlin
NationalityGerman
Scientific career
Fields
InstitutionsZoological Museum in Berlin

Illiger was the son of a merchant in Braunschweig. He studied under the entomologist Johann Hellwig, and later worked on the zoological collections of Johann Centurius Hoffmannsegg.[1] Illiger was professor and director of the "zoological museum" (which is the Natural History Museum of Berlin in the present day) from its formation in 1810 until his death.[2][3]

He was the author of "Prodromus systematis mammalium et avium" (1811), which was an overhaul of the Linnaean system.[4][5] It was a major influence on the adoption of the concept of the "family". He also edited the "Magazin für Insektenkunde", widely known as "Illiger's Magazine".[6]

In 1811 he introduced the taxonomic order Proboscidea for elephants, the American mastodon and the woolly mammoth.[7] He also described the subspecies Odobenus rosmarus divergens, commonly known as the Pacific walrus.[8] Illiger's macaw (Promolius maracana; Vieillot, 1816) and Illiger's saddle-back tamarin (Saguinus fuscicollis illigeri; Pucheran, 1845) commemorate his name.[9] The botanical genus Illigera (family Hernandiaceae) also bears his name.[10]

Published works
  • Beschreibung einiger neuer Käfer, in: Schneider's entomologisches Magazin (1794) – Description of a new beetle.
  • Nachricht von einer in etlichten Gersten- und Haferfeldern um Braunschweig wahrscheinlich durch Insecten verursachten Verheerung, in: Brauschweigisches Magazin 50 (1795) – News about barley and oat fields near Braunschweig likely devastated by insects.
  • Verzeichniß der Käfer Preußens; outlined by Johann Gottlieb Kugelann (1798) – Directory of beetles found in Prussia.
  • Die Wurmtrocknis des Harzes, in: Braunschweigisches Magazin 49-50 (1798) – Bark beetles found in resin.
  • Die Erdmandel, in: Braunschweigisches Magazin 2 (1799) – The nutsedge.
  • Versuch einer systematischen vollständigen Terminologie für das Thierreich und Pflanzenreich (1800) – About a systematic complete terminology for the animal and plant kingdoms.
  • Zusätze und Berichte zu Fabricius Systema Eleutheratorum. Magazin fur Insektenkunde 1. viii + 492 pp. (1802) – Additions and comments on Fabricius' "Systema Eleutheratorus".
  • Über die südamerikanischen Gürtelthiere, in: Wiedemann's Archiv für die Zoologie (1804) – About the South American armadillo.
  • Die wilden Pferde in Amerika, in: Braunschweigisches Magazin 7/(1805) – Wild horses in America.
  • Nachricht von dem Hornvieh in Paraguay in Südamerika, in: Braunschweigisches Magazin 15-16 (1805) – On horned cattle of Paraguay.
  • Nachlese zu den Bemerkungen, Berichtigungen und Zusätzen zu Fabricii Systema Eleutheratorum; Mag. fur Insektenkunde. 6:296-317 (1807) – Information regarding the comments, corrections and additions to Fabricius' "Systema Eleutheratorum".
  • Vorschlag zur Aufnahme im Fabricischen Systeme fehlender Käfergattungen. Magazin für Insektenkunde 6:318-350 (1807).
  • Prodromus Systematis Mammalium et Avium (1811).
  • Überblick der Säugthiere nach ihrer Vertheilung über die Welttheile. Abh. K. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1804-1811: 39-159 (1815) – Overview of quadrupeds according to their distribution throughout the world.
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References
  • Wilhelm Heß: Illiger, Johann Karl Wilhelm. In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie. Band 14, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1881, S. 23–27.
  1. Illiger, Karl at Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie
  2. ON A COLLECTION OF BIRDS FROM GEORGIA AND CAROLINA MADE ABOUT 1810 BY JOHN ABBOT The Auk, volume 70. April 1953
  3. Illiger, Karl In: Neue Deutsche Biographie (NDB). Band 10, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1974, ISBN 3-428-00191-5, S. 138 f.
  4. Limonia - Massachusetts, Volume 14
  5. Ray Society, Issue 11
  6. Magazine of Natural History, Volume 8 edited by John Claudius Loudon, Edward Charlesworth, John Denson
  7. Mammals of Africa, Volumes 1-6 by Jonathan Kingdon, David Happold, Thomas Butynski, Michael Hoffmann, Meredith Happold, Jan Kalina
  8. Odobenus rosmarus divergens WoRMS taxon details
  9. The Eponym Dictionary of Mammals by Bo Beolens, Michael Watkins, Michael Grayson
  10. Medicinal Plants of China, Korea, and Japan by Christophe Wiart
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