Hypnoid state

The hypnoid state is a theory of the origins of hysteria published jointly by Josef Breuer and Sigmund Freud in their Preliminary communication [1] of 1893, subsequently reprinted as the first chapter of Studies on Hysteria (1895).[2]

For Breuer and Freud, who characterised the hypnoid state as a state of absence of mind/consciousness produced by intense daydreams of a mournful or sexual nature, "the existence of hypnoid states forms the foundation and condition of hysteria".[3]

Characteristics

The hypnoid state was seen as one resembling but not identical with hypnosis.[4] In the hypnoid state, one may have dream-like experiences.[4] One enters the hypnoid state by either hypnosis or by voluntary amnesia.[4]

Breuer credited Paul Julius Möbius as a forerunner in the development of the idea.[5]

Repudiation

Freud was shortly to repudiate the causative notion of hypnoid states, in favour of his theory of psychological repression.[6] As he would put it later, "Breuer's theory of 'hypnoid states' turned out to be impeding and unnecessary, and it has been dropped by psycho-analysis today...the screen of hypnoid states erected by Breuer".[7]

Nevertheless he continued to recognise the importance of such states of absent consciousness in the symptomatology of the hysterical subject.[8]

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See also

References
  1. Selected Papers on Hysteria and Other Psychoneuroses
  2. Peter Gay, Freud (1989) p. 63
  3. Quoted in Ernest Jones, The Life and Work of Sigmund Freud (1964) p. 240
  4. Freud, Sigmund; Breuer, Josef; Luckhurst, Nicola (2004). Studies in Hysteria. London; New York City: Penguin Modern Classics (via Google Books). p. 217. ISBN 978-0-14-243749-0. Retrieved December 7, 2011.
  5. J. Laplanche/J.-B. Pontalis, The Language of Psychoanalysis (2012) p. 193
  6. Jones, p. 240
  7. S. Freud, Five Lectures on Psycho-Analysis (1995) p. 22-3
  8. S. Freud, On Psychopathology (PFL 10) p. 101
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