Hyperion sewage treatment plant

The Hyperion Water Reclamation Plant is a sewage treatment plant in southwest Los Angeles, California, next to Dockweiler State Beach on Santa Monica Bay. The plant is the largest sewage treatment facility in the Los Angeles Metropolitan Area and one of the largest plants in the world. Hyperion is operated by the City of Los Angeles, Department of Public Works, and the Bureau of Sanitation. Hyperion is the largest sewage plant by volume west of the Mississippi River.[1]

The Hyperion Water Reclamation Plant from the air.
Detail of one of the plant buildings designed by Anthony J Lumsden, FAIA.

Los Angeles City Sanitation (LASAN) operates the largest wastewater collection system in the US, serving a population of four million within a 600 square miles (1,600 km2) service area. The city's more than 6,700 miles (10,800 km) of public sewers convey 400 million gallons per day of flow from customers to its four plants.[2]

History

Until 1925, raw sewage from Los Angeles was discharged untreated directly into Santa Monica Bay in the region of today's Hyperion Treatment Plant.[3]

With the population increase, the amount of sewage became a major problem to the beaches, so in 1925 the city built a simple screening plant in the 200 acres (0.81 km2) it had acquired in 1892.[3]

Even with the screening plant, the quality of the water in Santa Monica Bay was unacceptable, and in 1950 Los Angeles opened the Hyperion Treatment Plant with full secondary treatment processes. In addition, the new plant included capture of biogas from anaerobic digesters to produce heat dried fertilizer.[3]

In order to keep up with the increase of influent wastewater produced by the ever-growing city of Los Angeles, by 1957 the plant engineers had cut back treatment levels and increased the discharge of a blend of primary and secondary effluent through a five-mile (8.0 km) pipe into the ocean. They also opted to halt the production of fertilizers and started discharging digested sludge into the Santa Monica Bay through a seven-mile (11 km) pipe.[3]

Marine life in Santa Monica Bay suffered from the continuous discharge of 25 million pounds (11 kt) of sludge per month. Samples of the ocean floor where sludge had been discharged for 30 years demonstrated that the only living creatures were worms and a hardy species of clam. Additionally, coastal monitoring revealed that bay waters often did not meet quality standards as the result of Hyperion's effluent. These issues resulted in the city entering into a consent decree with the United States Environmental Protection Agency and the California State Water Resources Control Board to build significant facility upgrades at Hyperion. In 1980, the city launched a massive "sludge-out" project that upgraded the plant to full secondary treatment. Sludge digesters are used to destroy the disease-causing organisms (pathogens).[4] The sludge-out portion of the program was completed in 1987.

The $1.6 billion sludge-out to full secondary construction program replaced nearly every 1950-vintage wastewater processing system at Hyperion while the plant continuously treated 350 million U.S. gallons (1.3 billion liters) per day and met all of its NPDES permit requirements. As of 2016 the plant can treat 450 million U.S. gallons (1.7 billion liters) per day, with a peak wet weather flow (partial treatment during storms) of 800 million U.S. gallons (3.0 billion liters) per day.[4]

Water going through cleaning Process at Hyperion Water Treatment Plant. Majority of the water can be used as reclaimed water and remaining water that is not clean enough goes to the ocean.

The West Basin Municipal Water District purchases approximately 37,600 acre feet (46.4 billion liters), or roughly 9 percent, of Hyperion's secondary effluent for treatment at the Edward C. Little Water Recycling Facility.

Reclaimed water

Hyperion sewage plant treats approximately 250 million U.S. gallons (950 million liters) of wastewater on a day-to-day basis. Treating this much water on a daily basis takes a lot of energy. The plant has cut costs with its own power plant that uses methane gas gathered from the waste to fuel the plant, saving money. Some of the wastewater is used for landscape irrigation, industrial processes, and groundwater replenishment.[5]

Environmental controversies
Further information: Heal the Bay

Heal the Bay was founded in 1985 as a result of what was being done at Hyperion. Heal the Bay's original goal was to keep neighboring ocean water near the plant clean. At the time Hyperion was dumping used syringes, condoms, and tampons. Consequently, these products were going into the ocean through a pipeline having harmful effects on the ocean's ecosystem, people visiting the beach, and surfers. It took two years to have Hyperion accountable for their actions, and it took 12 years, along with $12.6 billion, to have Hyperion discharge clean water into the Santa Monica Bay. [6] After this large-scale overhaul of the plant, Hyperion was up to the California regulations that were put in place in 1985.[7]

Heal the Bay provided information to the public in 2017 when Hyperion was undergoing maintenance work on a 5-mile (8.0 km) pipeline that goes into the ocean. During this time the plant used its emergency pipeline. This had negative impacts on local beaches such as a rise in chlorine and bacteria levels for two months.[8]

Because of its hyper-industrial appearance and its location within the thirty-mile (48 km) "studio zone", the Hyperion plant has been used numerous times as a location for feature films and television shows, among them Battle for the Planet of the Apes and The Terminator.[9]

gollark: Why not use those analog magnetic tape thingies computers used to use?
gollark: Idea: make the tape be a bunch of SRAM chips stuck together.
gollark: I just reencoded the video as webm for reasons.
gollark: It is <@!332271551481118732>'s potatoproject.
gollark: ol ver?

References
  1. King, Matt (November 27, 2013). "9 cool facts about the Hyperion Plan". Heal the Bay.
  2. "Sewers". LA Sanitation. Los Angeles, CA: Department of Public Works. Retrieved 2020-01-12.
  3. "City of Los Angeles - Dept. Public Works". Archived from the original on 2008-07-05.
  4. "Hyperion Water Reclamation Plant". LA Sanitation. City of Los Angeles, Department of Public Works. 2016.
  5. "Discovery Education: LA's Hyperion Water Reclamation Plant".
  6. King, Matt (September 24, 2015). "Hyperion Update: One-Mile Outfall No Longer In Use".
  7. Bettina, Boxall (December 8, 1998). "Sewage Plant Is Finally Helping to Heal the Bay". Los Angeles Times.
  8. "Treated Sewage to Be Dumped Out Just One Mile From Los Angeles Beaches For a Bit".
  9. John Landis, "Trailers From Hell - Battle for the Planet of the Apes"

Further reading
  • Horenstein, B., Hernandez, G., Raspberry, G., Crosse, J. (1990) "Successful dewatering experience at Hyperion wastewater treatment plant", Water Science and Technology, v. 22, p. 183-191
  • Jones-Lepp, T. and Stevens, R. (2007) "Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in biosolids/sewage sludge: the interface between analytical chemistry and regulation", Analytical & Bioanalytical Chemistry, v. 387, p. 1173–1183


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