Hyloxalus maculosus

Hyloxalus maculosus (spotted rocket frog) is a species of frogs in the family Dendrobatidae. It is endemic to the eastern slopes of Ecuadorian Andes in Napo and Pastaza provinces at elevations of 460 to 1,150 m (1,510 to 3,770 ft) asl.[2][3]

Hyloxalus maculosus

Data Deficient  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Anura
Family: Dendrobatidae
Genus: Hyloxalus
Species:
H. maculosus
Binomial name
Hyloxalus maculosus
(Rivero, 1991)
Synonyms

Colostethus maculosus Rivero, 1991

Taxonomy

Hyloxalus maculosus has been considered a synonym of Hyloxalus bocagei,[4] but it is now treated as a valid species, though within the Hyloxalus bocagei species complex.[2][5] In addition to morphological differences in both tadpoles and adults, male call parameters differ between Hyloxalus maculosus and Hyloxalus bocagei.[5]

Description

Males measure 20–25 mm (0.79–0.98 in) and females 22–29 mm (0.87–1.14 in) in snout–vent length. Dorsum is reddish-brown, more reddish posteriorly and in the hind limbs. There are brighter reddish-brown spots posterior to eyes and on arms at the arm-body junction. An oblique lateral stripe is present; it is complete but becoming diffused anteriorly or incomplete. Toe webbing is extensive.[3][5]

The male call is a long trill composed of paired pulsed notes. Tadpoles measure up to 37 mm (1.5 in) in total length, and newly metamorphosed juveniles about 10–11 mm (0.39–0.43 in).[5]

Habitat and conservation

The range of Hyloxalus maculosus is within "Lowland Evergreen Forest" and "Foothill Evergreen Forest" vegetation zones. Males have been found calling on rocky streams at both sides of a road and inside water ducts that cross under the road. One male carrying nine tadpoles was found near a tiny pond, on a rocky stream surrounded by pasture. Tadpoles have been found in slow-running water in the ditch.[5]

The International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed Hyloxalus maculosus as "Data Deficient" in 2008,[1] but Páez-Vacas and her colleagues suggested in 2010 that it should be considered as "Critically Endangered" because of its small range and habitat loss occurring in that range.[5]

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References
  1. Ariadne Angulo (2008). "Hyloxalus maculosus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T135881A4215448. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T135881A4215448.en. Retrieved 10 January 2018.
  2. Frost, Darrel R. (2015). "Hyloxalus maculosus (Rivero, 1991)". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 11 April 2015.
  3. Ortiz, D.A.; Vallejo, A. & Coloma, L.A. (2013). "Hyloxalus maculosus". Ron, S. R., Guayasamin, J. M., Yanez-Muñoz, M. H., Merino-Viteri, A., Ortiz, D. A. and Nicolalde, D. A. 2014. AmphibiaWebEcuador. Version 2014.0. Museo de Zoología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador (QCAZ). Retrieved 11 April 2015.
  4. Coloma, L. A. (1995). "Ecuadorian frogs of the genus Colostethus (Anura: Dendrobatidae)". Miscellaneous Publication, Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas. 87: 1–72.
  5. Páez-Vacas, M.; L. A. Coloma & J. C. Santos (2010). "Systematics of the Hyloxalus bocagei complex (Anura: Dendrobatidae), description of two new cryptic species, and recognition of H. maculosus". Zootaxa. 2711: 1–75.
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