Humphrey Jervis

Humphrey Jervis (1630–1707) KBE was the first private improver in the history of Dublin.[1] He was Lord Mayor of Dublin during the reign of Charles II of England.

Portrait of Sir Humphrey Jervis by Thomas Pooley

Life

Jervis was born in 1630 in Ollerton, Shropshire.[2] He was one of the younger sons of John Jervys of Chatkyll in Staffordshire and Elizabeth Jervys. He was baptized at the Church of All Saints in Standon, Staffordshire on the 11 July 1630.

Humphrey Jervis was a ship-owner and merchant[3] as well as an architect and a freeman of the city of Dublin. Later on he became Lord Mayor of the city between 1681 and 1682.[4] He was knighted for his services in 1681.[5][6] He died in 1707 in Dublin and is buried in St. Mary's, Dublin.

The family name Jervis originates from the Norman name Gervase.

Career

Dublin during the reign of Charles II

Humphrey Jervis is notable for having developed the area of Dublin to the north of the River Liffey. It was the first large-scale residential scheme of its kind, born out of his own initiative and funded privately by him, after he and number of associates bought 20 acres of the lands of St. Mary's Abbey in 1674 from Richard Power, 1st Earl of Tyrone, for the sum about £3,000.[7][8] The main part of Jervis's development comprised a rectangular grid that ran off Capel Street and that included; Jervis Street, Mary Street, Great Britain Street and Great Strand Street, at the centre of which was St. Mary's Church and graveyard.

The Abbey of St. Mary's had been founded in 1154 for the Savignac Order and was passed on in the 1170s to the Cistercians. At the time it was considered to be the richest Cistercian monastery in Ireland, but it became a casualty of Henry VIII policy on the Dissolution of the Monasteries in about 1539.[9][10] In 1676 Sir Humphrey approached the Viceroy, who was then Arthur Capell, 1st Earl of Essex, with a view to developing the land and building a bridge across the River Liffey to connect the new development with the old city, which he intended to name in honour of the Viceroy.[11] He was therefore granted permission and the bridge duly became called Essex Bridge after completion. Jervis's new bridge had a drawbridge, or lifting section at one end to allow large boats and ships with masts to sail upstream.[12] It connected with the main thoroughfare of Jervis's development being named Capel Street after the Viceroy's family name that subsequently became one of the most fashionable addresses in Dublin. Essex Bridge was built using the stone from the old abbey,[13] and it became the focal point of Dublin remaining so for more than one hundred years, but after having fallen into disrepair in 1872, it was rebuilt and refashioned, following that it was renamed as Grattan Bridge.[14]

In 1677 James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormonde, was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland instead of Essex and he was also interested in Jervis's development scheme. Ormonde then suggested important modifications, persuading Jervis to interpose a stone quay alongside the river, which he duly did, it is now known as Upper and Lower Ormonde Quay.[15] The houses and warehouses that were planned to reside with their rears alongside the river were then turned around on Ormonde's suggestion, so that they faced the river. A market was also laid out and called Ormonde Market, but only survived up until 1890. It had a central rotunda and some seventy stalls. It was replaced by Ormond Square in 1917. But the suggestions made by the Viceroy were of immense importance to the future development of Dublin, as it was this prototype that inspired the whole system of quays in their final beauty. Dublin might otherwise have been like so many other towns through which the river slinks shamefacedly between tall buildings, which would give it no chance to be seen.[16] Another bridge known as Ormonde Bridge was later on erected by Jervis and named in honour of Ormonde, but as it was a timber bridge it was fragile in its construction,[17] it was also too close to Essex Bridge rendering it later unnecessary. When it was ruined by the floods of 1802 it was not rebuilt. It was therefore replaced later on by Richmond Bridge, which now occupies a more westerly site today.

Today a shopping centre in the central grid area that Jervis developed now takes its name as the Jervis Shopping centre, alongside which runs Jervis Street.

Marriages and issue

Sir Humphrey Jervis was first married to Katherine Walsh ( - d. 1673), the daughter of city Alderman Robert Walsh. Secondly to Elizabeth Lane (b. Abt. 1640 – d. 1687), daughter of Col. John Lane (b. 1609 – d. 1667) MP of the parish of Bentley and Hyde Walsall in Staffordshire who assisted his sister Jane Lane, Lady Fisher (c. 1626 - 9 September 1689) in the escape of Charles II after the Battle of Worcester in 1641.[18]

Jervis had three sons and four daughters. His daughter Katherine Jervis married John White of Ballyellis in County Wexford. Their son John Jervis White took on the name as part of his inheritance and became great-grandfather of the 1st Baronet Sir John Jervis-White-Jervis of Ballyellis, Wexford. Sir Humhrey's daughter Mary married the painter Nevill Pooley, son of the Dublin society portrait painter Thomas Pooley (1646 - 1723) whose portrait of Sir Humphrey Jervis is now held in the archive at Trinity College Dublin.[19][20][21]

The Admiral of the fleet Sir John Jervis, 1st Earl of St. Vincent (9 January 1735 – 14 March 1823) an admiral of the Royal Navy was the great-grandson of Sir Humphrey's brother John Jervis (b. 1631).

References

1. Maurice, Craig, Dublin 1660 – 1860, Penguin Books Ltd, P. 25
2. 6. Burke, John, A General and Heraldic Dictionary of the Peerage and Baronetage of the British Empire, Henry Colburn, 1838, P. 534
3. Maurice, Craig, Chapter I, Dublin 1660 – 1860, Penguin Books Ltd, P. 25
4. James, Olwyn, Historical Development of Capel Street, Capel Street D1, A Study of the Past A Vision of the Future, Dublin Civic Trust, P.13
5. Wright, George Newenham, An Historical Guide to the City of Dublin, Baldwin, Craddock & Joy, 1825, P. 151
6. Maurice, Craig, Dublin 1660 – 1860, Penguin Books Ltd, P. 27
7. Maurice, Craig, Dublin 1660 – 1860, Penguin Books Ltd, P. 25
8. James, Alwyn, Historical Development of Capel Street, Capel Street D1, A Study of the Past A Vision of the Future, Dublin Civic Trust, P.10
9. James, Olwyn, Chapter I, Historical Development of Capel Street, Capel Street D1, A Study of the Past A Vision of the Future, Dublin Civic Trust, P. 1
10. Casey, Christine, The Buildings of Ireland: Dublin (Pevsner Architectural Guides: Buildings of Ireland), Yale University Press (28 Oct. 2005), P. 10
11. Maurice, Craig, Dublin 1660 – 1860, Penguin Books Ltd, P. 25
12. James, Olwyn, Chapter I, Historical Development of Capel Street, Capel Street D1, A Study of the Past A Vision of the Future, Dublin Civic Trust, P. 11
13. Casey, Christine, The Buildings of Ireland: Dublin (Pevsner Architectural Guides: Buildings of Ireland), Yale University Press (28 Oct. 2005), P. 88
14. Bridges of Dublin, http://www.bridgesofdublin.ie/gallery/view/view-from-capel-street-1797
15. James, Olwyn, Chapter I, Historical Development of Capel Street, Capel Street D1, A Study of the Past A Vision of the Future, Dublin Civic Trust, P. 13
16. Maurice, Craig, Dublin 1660 – 1860, Penguin Books Ltd, P. 26
17. Maurice, Craig, Dublin 1660 – 1860, Penguin Books Ltd, P. 27
18. LANE, John (1609-67), of Bentley, Staffs. History of Parliament Online, http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1660-1690/member/lane-john-1609-67
19. The Art World in Britain 1660 to 1735, https://artworld.york.ac.uk/sourceView.do?sourceUrn=5.1480.06357&br=no
20. Thomas Pooley, Portrait Painter, http://www.libraryireland.com/irishartists/thomas-pooley.php
21. Suffolk Painters, http://www.suffolkpainters.co.uk/index.cgi?choice=painter&pid=500