Hjørdis Grøntoft Raknerud

Hjørdis Grøntoft Raknerud (née Grøntoft, 11 July 1878 – 13 October 1918) was a Norwegian architect. She was one of Scandinavia's earliest female architects, practising in Norway and Sweden from 1898.[1][2]

Hjørdis Grøntoft Raknerud
Hjørdis Grøntoft (1890s)
Born
Hjørdis Grøntoft

(1878-07-11)11 July 1878
Kristiania
Died13 October 1918(1918-10-13) (aged 40)
Drammen
NationalityNorwegian
Alma materChristiania Kunst- og Haandværksskole
Royal Academy of Arts
OccupationArchitect
Spouse(s)Nils Raknerud
BuildingsSandsgården, Gjøvik

Biography
Signed floor plan for Sandsgården, Gjøvik (1898)

Raknerud was raised in Kristiania (today's Oslo) where her father Hagbarth August Grøntoft (1847–84) was a merchant. She spent three years at the Christiania Kunst- og Haandværksskole, receiving training in architecture (1895–97). After completing her studies, she trained with Ove Ekman and Holger Sinding-Larsen. In 1898, she designed Sandsgården, a large house in Gjøvik complete with shops and offices. Her signed plans dated May 1898 are in the municipal archives.[3] Heidi Froknestad who has researched Grøntoft Raknerud's background points out how unusual it was for a women to design a commercial building at the end of the 19th century.[4]

In 1898, she continued her studies at the Royal Academy of Arts in London where she was one of the earliest female students. In a letter, she wrote: "I am in any case the first woman in this class..."[4]

When she returned from London, there were few opportunities for architects in Norway. In 1904, she moved to Malmø, Sweden, where she worked for the city architect. She also designed interiors and furniture. Several of the buildings she designed can be seen in Malmø and Lund. After Malmø, she went to Paris to continue her studies. It was there she met Nils Raknerud whom she married in 1908.[4][3]

The couple settled in Drammen in the south of Norway where she continued to design residential buildings and furniture. In 1918, after catching the Spanish flu, she died of pneumonia on 13 October.[3]

gollark: > Collectivization will take place naturally as soon as state coercion is over, the workers themselveswill own their workplaces as the capitalists will no longer have any control over them. This iswhat happened during the Spanish Revolution of 1936, during which workers and farmers seized andmanaged the means of production collectively. For those capitalists who had a good attitude towardsworkers before the revolution, there was also a place - they joined the horizontal labor collectivesUm. This seems optimistic.
gollark: > "Legally anyone can start their own business. Just launch a company!”. These words oftenmentioned by the fans of capitalism are very easy to counter, because they have a huge flaw. Namely,if everyone started a company, who would work for all these companiesThis is a bizarre objection. At the somewhat extreme end, stuff *could* probably still work fine if the majority of people were contracted out for work instead of acting as employees directly.
gollark: The hierarchical direct democracy thing it describes doesn't seem like a very complete or effective coordination mechanism, and it seems like it could easily create unfreedom.
gollark: I disagree with this PDF, for purposes.
gollark: There was that fun time when someone renamed themselves "all active players".

References
  1. Froknestad, Heidi (2012). Mjøsmuseet Årbok 2012: Sandsgården i Gjøvik og arkitekten Hjørdis Grøntoft (PDF) (in Norwegian). p. 19.
  2. "Folketelling 1900 for 0301 Kristiania kjøpstad: Hjørdis Grøntoft" (in Norwegian). Digitalarkivet. Retrieved 25 October 2015.
  3. "Hjørdis Grøntoft Raknerud" (in Norwegian). Localhistorie.no. Retrieved 25 October 2015.
  4. Finborud Børresen, Mette (14 February 2013). "En målbevisst dame med revolver" (in Norwegian). NRK: Hedmark og Oppland. Retrieved 25 October 2015.
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