Hipposcarus harid

Hipposcarus harid, the Longnose parrotfish or Candelamoa parrotfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a parrotfish from the family Scaridae found on coral reefs of Indian Ocean and the Red Sea.[2][3]

Hipposcarus harid
Sleeping Hipposcarus harid from the Red Sea, Egypt

Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Labriformes
Family: Scaridae
Genus: Hipposcarus
Species:
H. harid
Binomial name
Hipposcarus harid
(Forsskål, 1775)
Synonyms[2]
  • Scarus harid Forsskål, 1775
  • Callyodon harid (Forsskål, 1775)
  • Scarus cyanurus Valenciennes, 1840
Closeup of sleeping Hipposcarus harid at Shaab Mahmoud (Red Sea, Egypt)

Distribution

Hipposcarus harid is found in the western Indian Ocean from the Red Sea south to the Mozambique Channel, including Madagascar, the Seychelles and east to Sri Lanka, the Maldives and the Chagos Islands.[2]

Habitat and biology

Hipposcarus harid occurs in coastal regions and is associated with coral reefs and reef flats. This species forms harems comprising a terminal phase, or male, individual and numerous initial phase individuals. It will also form large schools for foraging.[1] H. harid is a protogynous hermaphrodite in which there are two distinct phases, an initial phase which includes females and primary, that is males which were born male, and a terminal phase, the secondary males transformed from females.[4] It is an oviparous species in which the male and female form pairs for mating. It feeds on benthic algae.[2]

Human usage

Hipposcarus harid is caught with nets and other artisanal gear, the catch is maistly marketed fresh.[1] Each year in April these fish aggregate in a shallow lagoon in the Farasan Islands in the southern Red Sea. The reason for this aggregation is unknown but the local people celebrate a festival, called Hareed, catching the fish for prizes. Almost all the fish are caught but the aggregation returns each year.[5] Evidence for the consumption and trade of this species, among other parrotfishes native to the Red Sea, goes back to at least the Byzantine period.[6]

gollark: Unless they have a warrant, you can apparently just tell them to go away and they can't do anything except try and get one based on seeing TV through your windows or something.
gollark: But the enforcement of it is even weirder than that:- there are "TV detector vans". The BBC refuses to explain how they actually work in much detail. With modern TVs I don't think this is actually possible, and they probably can't detect iPlayer use, unless you're stupid enough to sign up with your postcode (they started requiring accounts some years ago).- enforcement is apparently done by some organization with almost no actual legal power (they can visit you and complain, but not *do* anything without a search warrant, which is hard to get)- so they make up for it by sending threatening and misleading letters to try and get people to pay money
gollark: - it funds the BBC, but you have to pay it if you watch *any* live TV, or watch BBC content online- it's per property, not per person, so if you have a license, and go somewhere without a license, and watch TV on some of your stuff, you are breaking the law (unless your thing is running entirely on battery power and not mains-connected?)- it costs about twice as much as online subscription service things- there are still black and white licenses which cost a third of the price
gollark: Very unrelated to anything, but I recently read about how TV licensing works in the UK and it's extremely weird.
gollark: "I support an increase in good things and a reduction in bad things"

References
  1. Choat, J.H.; Carpenter, K.E.; Clements, K.D.; et al. (2012). "Hipposcarus harid". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2012: e.T190733A17779418. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012.RLTS.T190733A17779418.en. Retrieved 10 February 2020.
  2. Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2019). "hippocampus harid" in FishBase. August 2019 version.
  3. WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Hipposcarus harid (Forsskål, 1775)
  4. T. El‐Sayed Ali; A. M. Osman; S. H. Abdel‐Aziz & F. A. Bawazeer (2010). "Growth and longevity of the protogynous parrotfish, Hipposcarus harid, Scarus ferrugineus and Chlorurus sordidus (Teleostei, Scaridae), off the eastern coast of the Red Sea". Journal of Applied Ichthyology. 27 (3): 840–846. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0426.2010.01566.x.
  5. Julia Spaet (2013). "Predictable annual aggregation of longnose parrotfish (Hipposcarus harid) in the Red Sea". Marine Biodiversity. doi:10.1007/s12526-013-0162-7.
  6. Rachel Blevis; Guy Bar-Oz & Irit Zohar (2019). "The role of Red Sea Parrotfish (Scaridae) as Trade Indicators in the Negev Desert during the Byzantine-Islamic Transition Period". International Council for Archaeozoology.


This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.