Hidenoyama Raigorō

Hidenoyama Raigorō (秀ノ山 雷五郎, 1808 – June 16, 1862) was a Japanese sumo wrestler from Kesennuma, Mutsu Province. He was the sport's 9th yokozuna. He was also known as Amatsukaze Kumoemon (天津風 雲右衞門), Tatsugami Kumoemon (立神 雲右衞門) and Iwamigata Jōemon (岩見潟 丈右衞門).

In this Japanese shikona name, the surname is Hidenoyama.
For the current holder of the Hidenoyama elder name, see Kotoshōgiku Kazuhiro.
Hidenoyama Raigorō
秀ノ山 雷五郎
Woodblock print of Hidenoyama by Kunisada, circa 1850
Personal information
BornKikuta Tatsugorō
1808
Kesennuma, Mutsu, Japan
DiedJune 16, 1862(1862-06-16) (aged 54)
Height1.64 m (5 ft 5 in)
Weight135 kg (298 lb)
Career
StableHidenoyama
Record112-21-96
33draws-2holds(Makuuchi)
DebutMarch, 1828
Highest rankYokozuna (September 1847)
RetiredMarch, 1850
Championships6 (Makuuchi, unofficial)
* Up to date as of October 2007.

Career

Born Kikuta Tatsugorō (菊田 辰五郎), he later took the surname Hashimoto (橋本). In 1823, he attempted to make his debut, but he was completely ignored at first due to his short height of only 1.51 m (4 ft 11 1⁄2 in). He joined Hidenoyama stable in 1827 and made his debut in March 1828. He was promoted to the top makuuchi division in January 1837. He recorded 30 consecutive wins and won the equivalent of six championships before the modern yūshō system was established. In the top makuuchi division, he won 112 bouts and lost 21 bouts, recording a winning percentage of 84.2.

Hidenoyama was awarded a yokozuna licence in November 1847. His height of 1.64 m (5 ft 4 1⁄2 in) is lowest among all yokozuna in sumo's long history. He was not one of the greatest wrestlers of his time, but received the licence because he had influential backers.[1] Ōzeki Tsurugizan Taniemon reportedly handed over the yokozuna licence to Hidenoyama.[2]

Retirement from sumo

After his retirement, he was an elder known as Hidenoyama and produced later yokozuna Jinmaku. He served as a judge (naka-aratame, modern shimpan) but this gave him many opportunities to give favourable decisions to his own pupils. At that time, there were many lower division wrestlers and they were sometimes forced to be absent from sumo bouts. They attempted to have their number of sumo bouts increased. He had the right of deciding their attendances and rejected this, excluding his own pupils. The other lower ranking wrestlers were angry, accusing him of bias, and went on strike because of his practices in 1851.[3] It was the first walkout in sumo history. He eventually apologized to them.

Top division record
  • The actual time the tournaments were held during the year in this period often varied.
Hidenoyama[4][5]
- Spring Winter
1837 West Maegashira #7
4–1–5
 		 West Maegashira #4
0–3–5
2d
 
1838 West Maegashira #4
3–0–3
 		 West Maegashira #4
8–0–1
1h
Unofficial
 
1839 West Maegashira #1
7–0–2
1d
Unofficial
 		 West Komusubi
6–0–2
2d
Unofficial
 
1840 West Sekiwake
7–1–1
1d
 		 West Sekiwake
5–1–2
2d
 
1841 West Ōzeki
6–1–2
1d
 		 West Ōzeki
5–2
1d
 
1842 West Ōzeki
3–2–1
4d
 		 West Sekiwake
5–1–1
3d
 
1843 West Sekiwake
5–0–4
1d
Unofficial
 		 West Sekiwake
5–1–3
1d
 
1844 West Sekiwake
5–1–2
2d
 		 West Ōzeki
8–0–2
Unofficial
 
1845 West Ōzeki
6–0–2
2d
Unofficial
 		 West Ōzeki
6–1–2
1d
 
1846 West Ōzeki
2–0–7
1d
 		 Sat out
1847 West Ōzeki
3–3–1
3d
 		 West Ōzeki
4–0–3
3d
 
1848 West Ōzeki
4–2–3
1d
 		 West Ōzeki
5–1–2
1d 1h
 
1849 Sat out Sat out
1850 West Ōzeki
Retired
0–0–10		 x
Record given as win-loss-absent    Top Division Champion Retired Lower Divisions

Key:   d=Draw(s) (引分);   h=Hold(s) (預り);   nr=no result recorded
Divisions: Makuuchi — Jūryō — Makushita — Sandanme — Jonidan — Jonokuchi

Makuuchi ranks: 
Yokozuna (not ranked as such on banzuke until 1890)
Ōzeki — Sekiwake — Komusubi — Maegashira

*Championships for the best record in a tournament were not recognized or awarded before the 1909 summer tournament and the above unofficial championships are historically conferred. For more information see yūshō.

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See also

References
  1. Newton, Clyde (1994). Dynamic Sumo. Kodansha. p. 51. ISBN 4-7700-1802-9.
  2. 「得意手のないのが名人！」（大関・剣山谷右衛門） (in Japanese). Japan Sumo Association. Archived from the original on 2011-05-26. Retrieved 2008-06-21.
  3. "Archived copy" 秀の山 雷五郎 (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 2001-01-17. Retrieved 2008-05-24.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  4. "Hidenoyama Raigoro Rikishi Information". Sumo Reference. Retrieved 2007-10-04.
  5. ja:大相撲優勝力士, Retrieved 2007-10-04
Preceded by
Shiranui Dakuemon		 9th Yokozuna
1847–1850		 Succeeded by
Unryū Kyūkichi
Yokozuna is not a successive rank, and more than one wrestler can hold the title at once


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