Hexafluoropropylene oxide

Hexafluoropropylene oxide (HFPO) is an intermediate used in industrial organofluorine chemistry; specifically it is a monomer for fluoropolymers. This colourless gas is the epoxide of hexafluoropropylene, that is fluorinated analog of propylene oxide, HFPO is produced by DuPont and 3M and as a precursor to the lubricant Krytox and related materials. It is generated by oxidation of perfluoropropylene, e.g. with oxygen as well as other oxidants.[1]

Hexafluoropropylene oxide
Names
IUPAC name
2,2,3-Trifluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)oxirane
Other names
trifluoro(trifluoromethyl)oxirane
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
Abbreviations HFPO
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.006.411
UNII
Properties
C3F6O
Molar mass 166.02 g/mol
Appearance colourless gas
Boiling point -27.4 °C
nonpolar solvents
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

Reactivity

Fluoride catalyzes the formation of the perfluorinated polyethers such as Krytox. The initial step entails nucleophilic attack at the middle carbon to give the perfluoropropoxide anion, which in turn attacks another monomer. This process generates a polymer terminated by an acyl fluoride, which is hydrolyzed to the carboxylic acid which is decarboxylated with fluorine. The net polymerization reaction can be represented as:

n+2 CF3CFCF2O → CF3CF2CF2O(CF(CF3)CF2O)nCF2CF3 + CO

Upon heating above 150 °C, HFPO decomposes to trifluoroacetyl fluoride and difluorocarbene:

CF3CFCF2O → CF3C(O)F + CF2

The epoxide of tetrafluoroethylene is even more unstable with respect to trifluoracetyl fluoride.

In the presence of Lewis acids the compound rearranges to hexafluoroacetone, another important chemical intermediate.

Methanolysis affords methyl trifluoropyruvate, a reagent useful in organic synthesis:[2]

CF3CFCF2O + 2 MeOH → CF3C(O)CO2Me + MeF + 2 HF
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References
  1. Günter Siegemund, Werner Schwertfeger, Andrew Feiring, Bruce Smart, Fred Behr, Herward Vogel, Blaine McKusick "Fluorine Compounds, Organic" Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2016. doi:10.1002/14356007.a11_349.pub2
  2. Ruth Figueroa, Richard P. Hsung, Gang Li, Jin Haek Yang (2007). "Methyltrifluoropyruvate". e-EROS Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis. John Wiley & Sons. doi:10.1002/047084289X.rn00769.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
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