Hexadimethrine bromide

Hexadimethrine bromide (commercial brand name Polybrene) is a cationic polymer used to increase the efficiency of transduction of certain cells with retrovirus in cell culture.[1] Hexadimethrine bromide acts by neutralizing the charge repulsion between virions and sialic acid on the cell surface.[2] Use of Polybrene can improve transduction efficiency 100-1000 fold[3] although it can be toxic to some cell types. Polybrene in combination with DMSO shock is used to transfect some cell types such as NIH-3T3 and CHO.[3] It has other uses, including a role in protein sequencing.[4]

Hexadimethrine bromide
Names
IUPAC name
1,5-Dimethyl-1,5-diazaundecamethylene polymethobromide
Other names
Polybrene
Identifiers
ChemSpider
  • none
ECHA InfoCard 100.209.698
EC Number
  • 684-236-5
UNII
Properties
(C13H30Br2N2)n, linear form
Molar mass variable
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references

In the 1950s and 1960s, hexadimethrine bromide was used to reverse heparin anticoagulation during open-heart surgery.[5] It was supplanted for this use by protamine sulfate, after administration of large quantities of hexadimethrine bromide was found to cause kidney failure.[5]

Polybrene is also used in enzyme kinetic assays in order to reduce spontaneous activation of zymogens that are prone to auto activation.

References
  1. Howard E. Davis; Jeffery R. Morgan; Martin L. Yarmush (2002). "Polybrene increases retrovirus gene transfer efficiency by enhancing receptor-independent virus adsorption on the target cell membranes". Biophysical Chemistry. 97 (2): 159–172. doi:10.1016/S0301-4622(02)00057-1.
  2. Howard E. Davis; Matthew Rosinski; Jeffrey R. Morgan; Martin L. Yarmush; et al. (2004). "Charged Polymers Modulate Retrovirus Transduction via Membrane Charge Neutralization and Virus Aggregation". Biophysical Journal. 86 (2): 1234–42. doi:10.1016/S0006-3495(04)74197-1. PMC 1303915. PMID 14747357.
  3. "Polybrene Infection / Transfection Reagent | TR-1003-G". www.emdmillipore.com. Retrieved 2016-12-02.
  4. Hunkapiller, M. W.; Hood, L. E. (1978-05-30). "Direct microsequence analysis of polypeptides using an improved sequenator, a nonprotein carrier (polybrene), and high pressure liquid chromatography". Biochemistry. 17 (11): 2124–2133. doi:10.1021/bi00604a016. ISSN 0006-2960. PMID 667015.
  5. Cooney, A.; Mann, T.J. (June 1999). "Recent experiences with hexadimethrine for neutralizing heparin after cardiopulmonary bypass". Anaesthesia and Intensive Care. 27 (3): 298–300. doi:10.1177/0310057X9902700314. PMID 10389567.


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