Herbert II, Count of Vermandois

Herbert II (died 23 February 943), Count of Vermandois, Count of Meaux, and Count of Soissons. He was the first to exercise power over the territory that became the province of Champagne.

Herbert II, Count of Vermandois
Herbert II de Vermandois hanged on the orders of Louis IV d'Outremer
Count of Soissons
Reign	907–930
Predecessor	Herbert I
Successor	Guy I
Count of Vermandois
Reign	907–943
Predecessor	Herbert I
Successor	Adalbert I
Count of Meaux
Reign	907–943
Predecessor	Herbert I
Successor	Robert of Vermandois
Died	943
Spouse	Adele
Issue	Eudes Adalbert I Adela Herbert 'the Old' Robert Luitgarde Hugh of Vermandois Guy I
Dynasty	Carolingian dynasty
Father	Herbert I of Vermandois
Mother	Bertha

Life

Herbert was the son of Herbert I of Vermandois.[1] He was apparently well aware of his descent from Charlemagne.[2] Herbert inherited the domain of his father and in 907, added to it the Abbey of St. Medard, Soissons. He took the position of Lay abbot entitling him to the income of those estates.[1] His marriage with a daughter of king Robert I of France brought him the County of Meaux.[3]

In 922, when Seulf became Archbishop of Rheims, in an effort to appease Herbert II Seulf solemnly promised him he could nominate his successor.[4] In 923, Count Herbert took the bold step of imprisoning King Charles III, who died still a captive in 929.[lower-alpha 1][3] Then, on the death of Seulf in 925, with the help of King Rudolph, he acquired for his second son Hugh (then five years old) the archbishopric of Rheims.[5] Herbert took the additional step of sending emissaries to Rome to Pope John X to gain his approval, which that pope gave in 926.[4] On his election young Hugh was sent to Auxerre to study.[2]

In 926, on the death of Count Roger I of Laon. Herbert demanded this countship for Eudes, his eldest son.[6] He took the town in defiance of King Rudolph leading to a clash between the two in 927.[2] Using the threat of releasing King Charles III, whom he held captive, Herbert managed to hold the city for four more years.[2] But after the death of Charles in 929, Rudolph again attacked Laon in 931 successfully defeating Herbert.[2] The same year the king entered Rheims and defeated archbishop Hugh, the son of Herbert.[7] Artaud became the new archbishop of Reims.[7] Herbert II then lost, in three years, Vitry, Laon, Château-Thierry, and Soissons.[8] The intervention of his ally, Henry the Fowler, allowed him to restore his domains (except Rheims and Laon) in exchange for his submission to King Rudolph.

Later Herbert allied with Hugh the Great and William Longsword, duke of Normandy against King Louis IV, who allocated the County of Laon to Roger II, the son of Roger I, in 941. Herbert and Hugh the Great took back Rheims and captured Artaud.[9] Hugh, the son of Herbert, was restored as archbishop.[9] Again the mediation of the German King Otto I in Visé, near Liège, in 942 allowed for the normalization of the situation.

Death and legacy

Herbert II died on 23 February 943 at Saint-Quentin, Aisne (the capital of the county of Vermandois).[1] His vast estates and territories were divided among his sons.[10] Vermandois and Amiens went to the two elder sons while Robert and Herbert, the younger sons, were given the valuable holdings scattered throughout Champagne.[10] On Robert's death his brother's son Herbert III inherited them all. Herbert III's only son Stephen died childless in 1019–20 thus ending the male line of Herbert II.[10]

Family

Herbert married Adele, daughter of Robert I of France.[11] Together they had the following children:

• Eudes of Vermandois, Count of Amiens and of Vienne, (c. 910–946)[1]
• Adalbert I, Count of Vermandois (c. 915–987), married Gerberge of Lorraine[1]
• Adela of Vermandois (910–960), married 934 Count Arnulf I of Flanders[1]
• Herbert 'the Old' (c. 910–980), Count of Omois, Meaux and Troyes, and abbot of St. Medard, Soissons, married 951 Eadgifu of Wessex daughter of Edward the Elder King of England and widow of Charles III King of France.[lower-alpha 2][1]
• Robert of Vermandois, Count of Meaux and Châlons († 967)[1]
• Luitgarde of Vermandois (c. 915–978), married 940 William I, Duke of Normandy;[1] married secondly, c. 943–44, Theobald I of Blois[lower-alpha 3][12] Their son was Odo I, Count of Blois.[10]
• Hugh of Vermandois (920–962), Archbishop of Reims[1]
• Guy I, Count of Soissons (d. 986).[13]

Notes

1. King Charles was the godfather to one of Herbert II's sons. See: Rodulfus Glaber, The Five Books of the Histories, ed. & trans. John France (Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1989), pp. 12–13 n. 1.
2. Herbert 'the Old', Count of Meux the son of Herbert II is sometimes confused with his nephew, Herbert III, Count of Meux and Troyes, son of Robert Count of Meux. It was Herbert 'the Old' who married Eadgifu of Wessex in 951, his nephew Herbert III wasn't born until c. 950. See ES III/1, 49; K. Norgate, 'Odo of Champagne', EHR 5, 19 (Jul. 1890), 488.
3. It was Hugh the Great who, taking advantage of the youth of Herbert II's successor, gave William Longwsord's widow, Luitgarde to his own vassal Theobald 'the Deceiver', count of Blois. But Glaber mistakenly credited Duke William's murder to Theobald 'the Deceiver' instead of Arnulf of Flanders. See: Rodulfus Glaber, The Five Books of the Histories, ed. & trans. John France (Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1989), pp. 164–5, n. 2.

References

1. Detlev Schwennicke, Europäische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, Neue Folge, Band III Teilband 1 (Marburg, Germany: J. A. Stargardt, 1984), Tafel 49
2. Jim Bradbury, The Capetians: Kings of France, 987–1328 (London: Hambledon Continuum, 2007), p. 36
3. Emily Taitz, The Jews of Medieval France: The Community of Champagne (Westport CT: Greenwood Press, 1994), p. 42
4. Eleanor Shipley Duckett, Death and life in the tenth century (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1967), p. 155
5. The Annals of Flodoard of Reims, 916–966, eds & trans. Steven Fanning: Bernard S. Bachrach (New York; Ontario, Can: University of Toronto Press, 2011), pp. 14–15
6. The Annals of Flodoard of Reims, 916–966, eds & trans. Steven Fanning: Bernard S. Bachrach (New York; Ontario, Can: University of Toronto Press, 2011), pp. 15–16
7. The Annals of Flodoard of Reims, 916–966, eds & trans. Steven Fanning: Bernard S. Bachrach (New York; Ontario, Can: University of Toronto Press, 2011), p. 21
8. The Annals of Flodoard of Reims, 916–966, eds & trans. Steven Fanning: Bernard S. Bachrach (New York; Ontario, Can: University of Toronto Press, 2011), pp. 20–24
9. Eleanor Shipley Duckett, Death and life in the tenth century (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1967), p. 157
10. Kate Norgate, 'Odo of Champagne, Count of Blois and Tyrant of Burgundy', The English Historical Review, Vol. 5, No. 19 (Jul., 1890), p. 488
11. The Annals of Flodoard of Reims, 919–966, eds. Steven Fanning; Bernard S. Bachrach (Toronto: University of Toronto Press Inc., 2011), p. 21 n. 77
12. Detlev Schwennicke, Europäische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, Neue Folge, Band II (J. A. Stargardt, Marburg, Germany, 1984), Tafel 46
13. Marignan et al. 1906, p. 28.

Sources

• Marignan, Albert; Platon, Jean Georges; Wilmotte, Maurice; Prou, Maurice, eds. (1906). Le Moyen âge (in French). Librairie Ancienne Honore Champion, Editeur.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)

Preceded by Herbert I	Count of Vermandois 907–943	Succeeded by Adalbert I
	Count of Meaux 902–943	Succeeded by Robert I
	Count of Soissons 902–930	Succeeded by Guy I