Henry Martyn Noel

Henry Martyn Noel, Jr. was a former American citizen who moved to Allied-occupied Germany in the aftermath of World War II and voluntarily made himself stateless in order to protest "a climax of nationalism" he saw rising around him in the United States.[1] His actions inspired Garry Davis to follow a similar course.[2]

Henry Martyn Noel
Born
Missouri
NationalityAmerican
OccupationChemical engineer
Known forVoluntarily made himself stateless

Early life

Noel was born to parents Henry Martyn Noel, Sr. and Dorothy (née Lawson) Noel.[3] Henry Noel, Sr. was a native of Missouri, and served with the 103rd Infantry Division in World War I.[4][5] He later became a chemical engineer at Standard Oil's Bayway Refinery in Elizabeth, New Jersey.[1] In 1922 he married Lawson, a niece of financier Thomas W. Lawson.[5][6] Noel's family was well-off, and Noel grew up in a life of privilege. He was raised mostly in Princeton, New Jersey, but as a young boy also spent several years in France.[6][7] He attended Harvard University beginning in 1940, where he studied philosophy.[8][9] His major influences there included professors such as Alfred North Whitehead and Raphael Demos. However, after the outbreak of World War II, Noel and his friends became increasingly disturbed over what was happening in the world; Noel's unease culminated with his withdrawal from the school in 1943.[7]

Travels and renunciation

After his withdrawal, Noel, unable to enlist in the Army due to his poor eyesight, joined the American Field Service as an ambulance driver, in which capacity he served in India and Italy.[7] Noel came to Germany in September 1947 after working for the U.S. Aid to France Commission in France. He found work with a German construction firm at Kassel.[1] He earned a wage of 25 marks per week, and lived in a tiny room with no electricity.[8] He subsisted on German rations of 1550 calories per day. In February 1948, he renounced his U.S. citizenship.[10] By October, he had successfully integrated into his new home, and stated he felt "accepted" by the community there.[11] However the following month, Noel was arrested by the French army in Neustadt, Baden.[12][13]

Reactions to renunciation

The Montreal Gazette described Noel's action as "a gesture bound to be in vain ... his personal error is in supposing that an individual protest of this nature can be effective".[14] Paul Gallico described Noel as part of a trend of "youthful U.S. citizens with bleeding hearts who renounce family ties, our way of life, and depart these shores to snuggle up to a gang of brutes".[15] In contrast, The Christian Science Monitor wrote a largely supportive editorial.[16] Garry Davis also described Noel as one of his inspirations for his own renunciation of citizenship and subsequent creation of the World Service Authority.[2] Soon after Noel and Davis' renunciations, Arthur W. Taylor, a black American from Chicago, also renounced his citizenship at the United States Embassy in Paris, making him the third former American to become stateless that year.[17]

References
  1. "Harvard Man Gives Up His Citizenship". Daytona Beach Morning Journal. 1948-02-18. Retrieved 2012-07-10.
  2. Green, Susan (2001-03-28). "Passport to Fame?". Vermont Seven Days. Retrieved 2012-07-10.
  3. "Alumnus Can't Tolerate Nationalism In America and Becomes a German". The Harvard Crimson. 1948-02-18. Retrieved 2012-07-10.
  4. "Soldiers' Records: Noel, Henry Martyn". Missouri State Archives. Retrieved 2012-07-13.
  5. "Former Resident Weds In New Jersey". Alton Evening Telegraph. 1922-09-12. Retrieved 2012-07-13.
  6. Casey, Gene (1948-02-23). "Noel's Mother Explains Why He Renounced Citizenship". Daily Boston Globe. Retrieved 2012-07-10.
  7. "Rich Youth Who Gave Up Citizenship Is a Pure Idealist, His Mother Says". The Milwaukee Journal. 1948-02-28. Retrieved 2012-07-10.
  8. "Henry Martyn Noel". Der Spiegel. 1948-02-28. Retrieved 2012-07-10.
  9. "Renounces US in Favor of Germany". Nashua Telegraph. 1948-02-17. Retrieved 2012-07-10.
  10. "Former Harvard Student Renounces Citizenship To Live in Germany". The Southeast Missourian/Associated Press. 1948-02-19. Retrieved 2012-07-10.
  11. Cohen, Eldon (1948-10-24). "German Town Has Accepted N.H. "Man Without a Country"". Daily Boston Globe. Retrieved 2012-07-10.
  12. "'Citizen Of World' Held". Hartford Courant. 1948-11-18. Retrieved 2012-07-10.
  13. "Citizen of World Detained by French". The Daily Globe. 1948-11-18. Retrieved 2012-07-10.
  14. "A Gesture Bound To Be In Vain". The Montreal Gazette. 1948-02-20. Retrieved 2012-07-10.
  15. Gallico, Paul (1948-06-01). "What Makes Americans Renounce Citizenship". St. Petersburg Times. Retrieved 2012-07-10.
  16. "Man Without A Country". The Christian Science Monitor. 1948-02-21. Retrieved 2012-07-10.
  17. "Ex-G.I. gives up U.S. citizenship". The Spokesman-Review. 1948-08-30. Retrieved 2012-07-10.
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