Heinrich Conried

Heinrich Conried (September 3, 1855 – April 27, 1909) was an Austrian and naturalized American theatrical manager and director. Beginning his career as an actor in Vienna, he took his first post as theater director at the at the Stadttheater Bremen in 1876. In 1878 he relocated to New York City where he remained for the rest of his career, serving initially as director of the Germania Theatre (1878-1881), followed by posts at the Thalia Theatre (1881-1882), New York Concert Company (1882-1883), and the Irving Place Theatre (1883-1903)[1] In 1903 he became director of the Metropolitan Opera in New York City, a post he remained in until his retirement in 1908.[2]

Heinrich Conried
General Manager of the Metropolitan Opera
In office 1903–1908
Preceded by	Maurice Grau
Succeeded by	Giulio Gatti-Casazza
Personal details
Born	(1855-09-03)September 3, 1855 Bielitz, Austrian Silesia
Died	April 27, 1909(1909-04-27) (aged 53) Merano, Italy

Biography

He was born on September 3, 1855 in Bielitz, Austrian Silesia (now Poland). His father was a weaver of Jewish origin. He received his education at the Realschule in Vienna. Early on, he was an actor in at the Burgtheater in Vienna. Only 21 years old he became manager of the failed Stadttheater Bremen. His success in rescuing the theater not only moved the Senate of the city to pass a resolution thanking him, but also brought him to the attention of Adolf Neuendorff, who was the manager of the Germania Theatre in New York. On invitation of Neuendorff Conried moved in 1878 to New York City, where he became chief stage manager of the Germania Theatre. In 1881 he moved to the Thalia Theatre as artistic manager and in 1882 he became artistic manager of the New York Concert Company.[3]

In 1883 he assumed the management of the Irving Place Theatre where he worked for two decades.[4] In 1903, he succeeded Maurice Grau as director of the Metropolitan Opera until 1908. His first season at the Met was notable through the first production of Parsifal outside of Bayreuth, against the wishes of Cosima Wagner, who went to court but failed in her attempt to forbid the production. By December 31, 1913, when the copyright of Parsifal expired, the work had been represented 43 times at the Metropolitan Opera. Enrico Caruso, who until then had refused all offers to come to America, was persuaded by Conried to come to New York and sing at the Met. Soon after he had become director of the Metropolitan Opera, he conceived the New Theatre. His tenure was also marked by the United States premiere of Richard Strauss' Salome which was presented in “public rehearsal” on January 20, 1907, and at a benefit performance on January 22. The opera shocked the moral sensibilities of audiences and was met with dissaproval, including many audience members walking out during the shocking final scene and with complaints to the company's board. The opera was pulled for the company's season and the Met did not actually stage the opera until 1934.[5] Also in 1907, Conreid notably poached Gustav Mahler from his conducting post in Vienna, and brought him in to lead the conducting staff at the Met; a position he remained in until leaving to become the director of the New York Philharmonic in 1909.[6]

On May 1, 1908 Conreid retired from the Metropolitan Opera House due to his poor health. Immediately afterwards he voyaged to Europe. He died on April 27, 1909 in the Hotel Meranerhof in the city of Meran from an apoplectic stroke in the presence of his wife and sister.[3][7]

References

1. "Heinrich Conried" . The Cyclopædia of American Biography. 1918.
2. Joseph Horowitz (2012). Moral Fire: Musical Portraits from America's Fin de Siècle. University of California Press. p. 78, 106.
3. "Heinrich Conried Dies In Austria. Former Metropolitan Opera Director Succumbs at 2:30 This Morning to Apoplectic Stroke. Began Life As A Weaver. Health Undermined by Worries Growing Out of the Management of the Opera House" (PDF). New York Times. April 27, 1909. Retrieved 2015-08-12. Heinrich Conried, former Director of the Metropolitan Opera House in New York, who suffered an apoplectic stroke several days ago, died at 2:30 o'clock this morning.
4. Joseph Horowitz (2012). Moral Fire: Musical Portraits from America's Fin de Siècle. University of California Press. p. 78, 106.
5. Joseph Horowitz (2012). Moral Fire: Musical Portraits from America's Fin de Siècle. University of California Press. p. 78, 106.
6. Joseph Horowitz (2012). Moral Fire: Musical Portraits from America's Fin de Siècle. University of California Press. p. 115.
7. "Conried Still Unconscious" (PDF). New York Times. April 26, 1909. Retrieved 2015-08-12.

Further reading

• Baker, Theodore. Baker's Biographical Dictionary of Musicians, 4th edition, G. Schirmer, 1940.
• Moses, Montrose Jonas. The Life of Heinrich Conried, New York, Thomas Y. Crowell Company Publishers, 1916.
• Sendrey, Alfred. Bibliography of Jewish Music, Columbia University Press, 1951.
• Wininger, S.. Große Jüdische National-Biographie, Vol. I, 1925, p. 591.