Harwood's spurfowl

Harwood's spurfowl (Pternistis harwoodi) is a species of bird in the family Phasianidae. It is a grey-brown bird with red bill and tail, and red bare skin around the eyes. Both sexes have similar coloring, although the female is paler in color with a more extensive buff belly.[2]

Harwood's spurfowl

Near Threatened  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Galliformes
Family: Phasianidae
Genus: Pternistis
Species:
P. harwoodi
Binomial name
Pternistis harwoodi
(Blundell & Lovat, 1899)
Geographic distribution shown in green
Synonyms
  • Francolinus harwoodi

This spurfowl is endemic to Ethiopia, having a range restricted to the Ethiopian highlands on either side of the Blue Nile River between Lake Tana and its confluence with the Jamma River, as well as its tributaries between these points. Originally thought to inhabit Typha beds growing along small, shallow watercourses and acacia thickets, studies in 1996 found Harwood's spurfowl in a site with neither of these. It is threatened by habitat loss as population pressures force locals into the marginal scrublands favored by the bird as its habitat. Harwood's spurfowl is heavily hunted for food and is sometimes also caught for sale at local markets; its eggs are also a food source.

Taxonomy

Harwood's spurfowl was described in 1899 by the English ornithologists Herbert Weld Blundell and Simon Fraser, 14th Lord Lovat from a specimen that they had collected in the Aheafeg area of Ethiopia. They coined the binomial name Francolinus harwoodi.[3] The specific epithet was chosen to honour the taxidermist and naturalist Leonard Harwood (fl. 1899).[4] The species is now placed in the genus Pternistis that was introduced by the German naturalist Johann Georg Wagler in 1832.[5][6] A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2019 found that Harwood's spurfowl is sister to Clapperton's spurfowl.[7] Harwood's spurfowl is considered to be monotypic: no subspecies are recognised.[6]

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References
  1. BirdLife International (2018). "Pternistis harwoodi". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN. 2018: e.T22678815A92789720. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22678815A92789720.en. Retrieved 17 December 2018.
  2. Nigel Redman, Terry Stevenson, and John Fanshawe, Birds of the Horn of Africa: Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti, Somalia, and Socotra (Princeton: University Press, 2009), p. 126
  3. Blundell, Herbert Weld; Lovat, Simon J. (1899). "New species discovered by Mr. H. Weld Blundell and Lord Lovat during their recent expedition through Southern Abyssinia". Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club. 10: 19–23 [22–23].
  4. Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 187. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
  5. Wagler, Johann Georg (1832). "Neue Sippen und Gattungen der Säugthiere und Vögel". Isis von Oken (in German and Latin). cols 1218–1235 [1229].
  6. Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (2020). "Pheasants, partridges, francolins". IOC World Bird List Version 10.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 14 February 2020.
  7. Mandiwana-Neudani, T.G.; Little, R.M.; Crowe, T.M.; Bowie, R.C.K. (2019). "Taxonomy, phylogeny and biogeography of African spurfowls Galliformes, Phasianidae, Phasianinae, Coturnicini: Pternistis spp". Ostrich. 90 (2): 145–172. doi:10.2989/00306525.2019.1584925.


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