Harpellales

Harpellales
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Fungi
Division:	Zygomycota
Subdivision:	Kickxellomycotina
Order:	Harpellales; Lichtw. & Manier (1978)
Families
	Harpellaceae; Legeriomycetaceae;

The Harpellales are an order of fungi classified in the subdivision Kickxellomycotina. Thalli are either unbranched or branched, producing basipetal series of trichospores. Zygospores are biconical. Species in the order are found attached to the gut lining of aquatic larvae of Insecta or (rarely) Isopoda. Harpellales are divided into two families, the Harpellaceae and the Legeriomycetaceae.[1] According to the Dictionary of the Fungi (10th edition, 2008), the order contains 38 genera and 200 species.[2] The order was formally described in 1978 Mycotaxon publication.[3] Harpellales has served as a model to study and understand the evolution, growth, and biodiversity of other such fungi found in the gut as species are plentiful around the world.[4]

Species include Allantomyces zopilotei, Bojamyces olmecensis, Gauthieromyces viviparus and Graminella ophiuroidea.[5]

References

"Zygomycota". Retrieved 2009-03-07.
Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA (2008). Dictionary of the Fungi (10th ed.). Wallingford, UK: CABI. p. 305. ISBN 978-0-85199-826-8.
Lichtwardt RW, Manier J-F (1978). "Validation of the Harpellales and Asellariales". Mycotaxon. 7 (3): 441–42.
Wang, Yan; White, Merlin M.; Moncalvo, Jean-Marc (October 2019). "Diversification of the gut fungi Smittium and allies (Harpellales) co-occurred with the origin of complete metamorphosis of their symbiotic insect hosts (lower Diptera)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 139: 106550. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106550. PMID 31279967.
Valle LG, White MM, Cafaro MJ (2008). "Harpellales in the digestive tracts of Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera nymphs from Veracruz, Mexico". Mycologia. 100 (1): 149–62. doi:10.3852/mycologia.100.1.149. PMID 18488361.

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[urlZygomycota-1] "Zygomycota". Retrieved 2009-03-07.

[Kirk2008-2] Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA (2008). Dictionary of the Fungi (10th ed.). Wallingford, UK: CABI. p. 305. ISBN 978-0-85199-826-8.

[Lichtward1978-3] Lichtwardt RW, Manier J-F (1978). "Validation of the Harpellales and Asellariales". Mycotaxon. 7 (3): 441–42.

[4] Wang, Yan; White, Merlin M.; Moncalvo, Jean-Marc (October 2019). "Diversification of the gut fungi Smittium and allies (Harpellales) co-occurred with the origin of complete metamorphosis of their symbiotic insect hosts (lower Diptera)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 139: 106550. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106550. PMID 31279967.

[Valle2008-5] Valle LG, White MM, Cafaro MJ (2008). "Harpellales in the digestive tracts of Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera nymphs from Veracruz, Mexico". Mycologia. 100 (1): 149–62. doi:10.3852/mycologia.100.1.149. PMID 18488361.