Harcus Strachan
Henry Mareus "Harcus" Strachan VC, MC (/ˈstrɔːn/; 7 November 1884 – 1 May 1982) was a Scottish born Canadian recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for valour in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.
Harcus Strachan | |
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| Born | 7 November 1884 Bo'ness, Scotland |
| Died | 1 May 1982 (aged 97) Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada |
| Allegiance | .svg.png){kind=small} |
| Service/ | Canadian Expeditionary Force |
| Rank | Lieutenant-Colonel |
| Unit | The Fort Garry Horse |
| Commands held | 1st Battalion, Edmonton Fusiliers |
| Battles/wars | |
| Awards | |
Early life
Strachan was born in Bo'ness, Scotland and attended the Royal High School, Edinburgh and the University of Edinburgh before emigrating to Canada in 1905. He homesteaded a farm in the Chauvin district, near Wainwright, Alberta.[1] Prior to winning the VC Harcus Strachan was initiated into freemasonry in his birthplace, at the Douglas Lodge 409 Bo'ness, on 22 January 1917.[2]
World War I
Strachan joined the Canadian Expeditionary Force in July 1915.[3]
Strachan was 33 years of age, and serving in the First World War with the Canadian Cavalry Brigade as a lieutenant in The Fort Garry Horse, when he performed the action for which he was awarded the VC. It has become traditional for the Garrys to hold a Regimental dinner every year on the anniversary of Strachan's unlikely cavalry exploit.
The action occurred during the Battle of Cambrai. It occurred on 20 November 1917 at Masnières, France, after Lieutenant Strachan took command of the mounted squadron of Garrys when his commanding officer, 'B' Squadron leader Captain Campbell, was killed by machine gun fire.[4]
Believing that the 29th Division with tanks already held the village of Masnieres, Brig. Gen. Nelson of the 88th Brigade, ordered the Fort Garry Horse to advance across the St Quentin Canal. On approaching the river bridge in front of Masnieres, the Garrys could see that the town was still held by the enemy and that the bridge across the St Quentin Canal was broken. The Garrys then found the Hampshire Regiment were crossing, in single file, over the lock gates. Tearing up a wooden pier, they built a bridge suitable for horses to cross. By 4pm 'B' Squadron set out through a gap in the enemy wire, and approached the German front line at a gallop. B Squadron leader Capt. Campbell was killed, and Strachan took command, leading 'B' Squadron at the gallop across the countryside toward Rumilly.
Due to the state of the crossing at Masnieres and the limited available daylight Major-Gen W. H. Greenly commanding 2nd Cavalry Division, ordered any large-scale cavalry action to halt and ordered the recall of the units that had crossed the Canal. Neither Lt. Col. RW Patterson, commanding the Fort Garry Horse nor mounted orderlies, could find 'B' Squadron who were south-east of Rumilly to give them the recall order.
B Squadron led by Strachan, cut its way through a line of infantry in a heavily camouflaged road and found a four-gunned German field battery in front of them. They charged, and rode down or sabred the gunners. German infantry positioned beyond the guns fired on them and again Strachan led a charge, They broke the infantry but were under fire, taking more casualties as they rode towards Rumilly. Now with less than fifty men and only five unwounded horses, they sheltered in a sunken road 1,200 yards east of the town. Strachan realised there was to be no support, so he had the horses cut loose and he led the unit in a withdrawal towards the Canal. During this fighting withdrawal, B Squadron scattered four bodies of German troops.[5]
In short, Lieutenant Strachan led the squadron through the enemy line of machine-gun posts and then, with the surviving men, led the charge on the German battery, killing seven of the gunners with his sword. When all the gunners were killed and the battery silenced, he rallied his men and fought his way back at night on foot through the enemy's lines, bringing all unwounded men safely in, together with 15 prisoners.[6]
His citation reads:
For most conspicuous bravery and leadership during operations. He took command of the squadron of his regiment when the squadron leader, approaching the enemy front line at a gallop, was killed. Lt. Strachan led the squadron through the enemy line of machine-gun posts, and then, with the surviving men, led the charge on the enemy battery, killing seven of the gunners with his sword. All the gunners having been killed and the battery silenced, he rallied his men and fought his way back at night through the enemy’s line, bringing all unwounded men safely in, together with 15 prisoners. The operation – which resulted in the silencing of an enemy battery, the killing of the whole battery personnel and many infantry, and the cutting of three main lines of telephone communication two miles in rear of the enemy’s front line – was only rendered possible by the outstanding gallantry and fearless of this officer - London Gazette [7]
Strachan, having been promoted to captain, received his VC from King George V on 6 January 1918.
Later life
After the war, he returned to his farm in the Chauvin district, Alberta [8]
He ran as a Liberal candidate in the 1921 Alberta provincial election, in the Wainwright constituency, but was not elected, a victim of the Farmers' sweep. [9][10]
He went into banking. By 1930, he had moved to Calgary.[11] In the 1930s he married Betsy Stirling and they had a daughter Jean.[12] Strachan later commanded the 1st Battalion, Edmonton Fusiliers during the Second World War. After the war he retired and moved to Vancouver. Strachan eventually attained the rank of lieutenant colonel.
In 1967 he voiced his disdain for the U.S. proponents of the U.S.-Vietnam War.[12]
Strachan died on 1 May 1982, at the age of 97 years and 175 days, the record longest-lived recipient of the Victoria Cross.[13] Strachan's ashes were scattered near the Rose Garden Columbarium at Boal Chapel Memorial Gardens in North Vancouver, BC on 5 May.
In September 2013 a lake in Manitoba was named "Harcus Strachan Lake" to commemorate his award of the Victoria Cross. (Winnipeg Free Press, 15 January 2014).
References
- Edmonton Bulletin, 22 June 1921
- http://www.scotlandswar.ed.ac.uk/sites/default/files/pdf_Scottish_VCs_0.pdf
- Canadian Great War Project
- Williams, Jeffery, Byng of Vimy, Pen and Sword Military, Barnsley, 2014 p.188
- Williams p.189
- "No. 30433". The London Gazette (Supplement). 14 December 1917. p. 13222.
- "No. 30433". The London Gazette (Supplement). 14 December 1917. p. 13222.
- Edmonton Bulletin, 22 June 1921
- Edmonton Bulletin, 22 June 1921
- "Wainwright Official Results 1921 Alberta general election". Alberta Heritage Community Foundation. Retrieved 21 May 2020.
- Private records indicating membership in Calgary organizations, with his address at the time listed as 2114 - 7 Ave SW, Calgary.
- Postmedia "The Great War" website
- Article on ww1.canada.com.
Further reading
- Monuments to Courage (David Harvey, 1999)
- The Register of the Victoria Cross (This England, 1997)
- Scotland's Forgotten Valour (Graham Ross, 1995)