Haraguchi Kensai

Haraguchi Kensai (Japanese: 原口兼済;[1] Chinese: 原口兼濟;[2] Korean: 원구겸제;[2] 2 April 1847 – 18 June 1919) was an Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) general and, in his later life, a member of the House of Peers.

In this Japanese name, the family name is Haraguchi.

Haraguchi Kensai
Native name	原口兼済
Born	(1847-04-02)2 April 1847 Bungo Province, Japan
Died	18 June 1919(1919-06-18) (aged 72)
Allegiance	Empire of Japan
Service	Imperial Japanese Army
Years of service	1872–1914
Rank	Lieutenant general
Commands held	Korean Garrison Army (1904) IJA 13th Division (1905–1906)
Battles/wars	Satsuma Rebellion First Sino-Japanese War Russo-Japanese War  • Invasion of Sakhalin

Biography

Early life

Haraguchi was born on 2 April 1847[1] to a samurai-class family in the Mori region of Bungo Province (in present-day Ōita Prefecture),[3] located on the island of Kyushu.

Military career

In 1870, Haraguchi entered the Imperial Japanese Army Academy to train as an officer, and in 1872 received a commission as a second lieutenant[3] or sub-lieutenant.[4] Later in his career, from August 1890 to April 1892,[1][5] he was dispatched to the German Empire to further his military education,[3] where he served from 1890 to 1891 under Prussian general Jakob Meckel in the 2nd Infantry Regiment stationed in Mainz.[1][5]

Haraguchi fought for the IJA in the Satsuma Rebellion, and later became a battalion commander, and then deputy head and, thereafter, principal of the Toyama Military School.[3][4] He served as chief of staff of the IJA 4th Division[4] at the end of the First Sino-Japanese War.[3] He promoted to major general in 1897[4] and, in succession, commanded the 20th Infantry Brigade, the 1st Mixed Brigade deployed in Taiwan (see Taiwan under Japanese rule), and the 17th Infantry Brigade.[3]

Following the Japanese occupation of Korea at the start of the Russo-Japanese War, Haraguchi commanded the newly established Korean Garrison Army from 11 March[6] to 8 September 1904, when he was replaced by field marshal Hasegawa Yoshimichi.[7] In July 1904, he declared martial law on key railroads and near telegraph lines in response to local unrest, writing the month prior to Minister of War Terauchi Masatake:[8]

We try generally to be conciliatory in our policies toward the Korean people, but we have to be very severe in punishing anyone who willfully, with malign intent, sabotages the activities of the Japanese army. We have posted notices stating the punishments throughout the areas where damage to electric power lines is heaviest, between Seoul and Wŏnsan and between Seoul and Ǔiju.

— Haraguchi Kensai, "Terauchi Masatake kankei monjo" [Documents related to Terauchi Masatake], National Diet Library Kensei Shiryōshitsu [Modern Japanese Political History Collection], Tokyo, 36:4

Afterwards, he served in the Imperial General Headquarters as chief of staff of the Inspectorate General of Military Training.[3] He received a Palgwae royal medal in 1904.[2] In January 1905, he attained the rank of lieutenant general, and soon thereafter assumed command of the newly raised, 14,000-strong[9] IJA 13th Division, which he led during the invasion of Sakhalin.[3] For his successful service in the war, he was conferred the title of baron (danshaku) on 21 September 1907.[3][10]

Haraguchi continued to command the IJA 13th Division until 6 July 1906, when he was relieved by Seizō Okazaki.[11] Haraguchi transitioned to the IJA reserve forces in November 1907, and fully retired from military service in 1914.[3]

Later life

From 1910 to 1918, Haraguchi was a member of the House of Peers.[3] He died on 18 June 1919.[1]

References

Citations

1. "Lexikon Japans Studierende". Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin (in German). Archived from the original on 19 February 2020. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
2. "Glossary of Proper Nouns". Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty. National Institute of Korean History. Archived from the original on 19 February 2020. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
3. Kowner 2017, pp. 185–186.
4. Takenob 1915, p. 70.
5. Hartmann 2007, p. 105.
6. "11 Mar 1904". World War II Database. Archived from the original on 19 February 2020. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
7. "8 Sep 1904". World War II Database. Archived from the original on 19 February 2020. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
8. Matsuda 2011, pp. 7, 48.
9. Kowner 2017, p. 280.
10. Rust, Oliver. "Chronologische Liste des Japanischen Adels (kazoku)" [Chronological List of Japanese Peers]. JapaneseHistory.de (in German). Archived from the original on 22 March 2016. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
11. Cahoon, Ben. "Russia". WorldStatesmen.org. Archived from the original on 4 September 2019. Retrieved 18 February 2020.

Works cited

• Hartmann, Rudolf (2007). "Japanische Offiziere im Deutschen Kaiserreich 1870–1914" [Japanese Officers in the German Empire] (PDF). Japonica Humboldtiana (in German). Humboldt University of Berlin. 11: 93–158. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 February 2020. Retrieved 19 February 2020.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Kowner, Rotem (2017). Historical Dictionary of the Russo-Japanese War (2nd ed.). Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1-442-28183-7. LCCN 2016051314.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Matsuda, Toshihiko (2011). "The Police and Korea's Colonization after the War with Russia". Governance and Policing of Colonial Korea: 1904-1919. Nichibunken International Research Center for Japanese Studies. doi:10.15055/00000155. ISBN 9784901558518.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Takenob, Y. (1915). The Japan Year Book 1915: Complete Cyclopaedia of General Information and Statistics on Japan and Japanese Territories for the Year. Tokyo: The Japan Year Book Office.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)