Haplochromis pyrrhocephalus

Haplochromis pyrrhocephalus
Conservation status
	; Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Cichliformes
Family:	Cichlidae
Genus:	Haplochromis
Species:	H. pyrrhocephalus
Binomial name
	Haplochromis pyrrhocephalus; F. Witte & Witte-Maas, 1987
Synonyms
	Yssichromis pyrrhocephalus (F. Witte & Witte-Maas, 1987)

Haplochromis pyrrhocephalus is a species of cichlid fish endemic to Lake Victoria in East Africa. This species can reach a standard length of 7.3 cm (2.9 in).[2]

Historically a common species, the species rapidly declined and went unrecorded from the mid-1980s to the early 1990s when it reappeared. As in several other Lake Victoria haplochromines of demersal habitats, its sudden decline has been attributed to the introduced Nile perch and eutrophication of the lake's water.[3] After its reappearance it has again become common, likely aided by adaptions to the changes in its habitat. This includes it moving into shallower water (it used to be found mostly at depths of 8–14 m or 26–46 ft), feeding on insects larvae and similar animals (it used to feed on zooplankton), getting a larger caudal peduncle compared to the head (allowing it to swim faster to escape the Nile perch), and larger gills (allowing it to cope with lower oxygen-levels). The ability to make these changes possibly is related to a level of hybridization with close relatives like H. laparogramma.[3]

References

Witte, F.; de Zeeuw, M.P. & Brooks, E. (2010). "Haplochromis pyrrhocephalus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T60723A12399449. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T60723A12399449.en.
Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2013). "Haplochromis pyrrhocephalus" in FishBase. February 2013 version.
Sayer, C.A.; L. Máiz-Tomé; W.R.T. Darwall (2018). "Freshwater biodiversity in the Lake Victoria Basin: Guidance for species conservation, site protection, climate resilience and sustainable livelihoods". Cambridge, UK and Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. doi:10.2305/IUCN.CH.2018.RA.2.en. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

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[1] Witte, F.; de Zeeuw, M.P. & Brooks, E. (2010). "Haplochromis pyrrhocephalus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T60723A12399449. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T60723A12399449.en.

[2] Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2013). "Haplochromis pyrrhocephalus" in FishBase. February 2013 version.

[Sayer2018-3] Sayer, C.A.; L. Máiz-Tomé; W.R.T. Darwall (2018). "Freshwater biodiversity in the Lake Victoria Basin: Guidance for species conservation, site protection, climate resilience and sustainable livelihoods". Cambridge, UK and Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. doi:10.2305/IUCN.CH.2018.RA.2.en. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)