Hanbury Hall

Hanbury Hall is a large 18th-century stately home standing in parkland at Hanbury, Worcestershire. The main range has two storeys and is built of red brick in the Queen Anne style. It is a Grade I listed building, and the associated Orangery and Long Gallery pavilion ranges are listed Grade II*. It is managed by the National Trust and is open to the public.

Hanbury Hall
Location within Worcestershire
General information
TypeStately home
Architectural styleQueen Anne
LocationHanbury, Worcestershire
Coordinates52°16′18″N 2°05′00″W
Completedc. 1706
OwnerNational Trust
Website
nationaltrust.org.uk/hanbury-hall

History
The disputed date above the entrance.

18th Century

Hanbury Hall was built by the wealthy chancery lawyer Thomas Vernon in the early 18th century. Thomas Vernon was the great-grandson of the first Vernon to come to Hanbury, Worcestershire, Rev Richard Vernon (1549–1628). Rev Richard and his descendants slowly accumulated land in Hanbury, including the manor, bought by Edward Vernon in 1630, but it was Thomas, through his successful legal practice, who added most to estates, which amounted to nearly 8,000 acres (3,200 ha) in his successor Bowater Vernon's day.

Hanbury Hall is thought to stand on the site of the previous mansion, Spernall Hall, and Thomas Vernon first describes himself as ‘of Hanbury Hall’ in 1706, and this and other evidence leads to a likely completion date of about 1706. The date of 1701 above the front door is thought to be a Victorian embellishment, but no building accounts are known to exist.

Although Hanbury Hall appears to be of a very uniform style, the rear wall is clearly of a different and rather earlier style, and may mark the first phase of a building campaign when Thomas Vernon and his wife Mary first came into possession of Spernall Hall in 1692 when his bachelor uncle John Vernon died.

The original plan of the Hall had a large undivided central hall with the main staircase leading off it, with many rather small rooms in the corner pavilions and north range – the south range was given over mainly to service rooms. The 18th-century Worcestershire historian Treadway Nash, in his Collections for the History of Worcestershire, wrote “Here is a large handsome house built by Counsellor Vernon about the year 1710 when a bad style of architecture prevailed; many windows and doors, rooms small, many closets, few arched cellars, large stables and offices in full view, are marks of that time”.[1]

When the heiress Emma Vernon (1754–1818) married Henry Cecil, 1st Marquess of Exeter in 1776, Cecil clearly was of the same opinion, as he remodelled the interior (other than the great hall) creating larger rooms and enlarging the north east pavilion. On the south façade, having removed a doorway he repositioned all the windows to lie under their first floor equivalent. On the south side there had been large formal gardens, clearly shown in Dougharty's perspective drawing contained in the estate maps of the 1730s, and Cecil swept all these away (including the farm buildings in front of the Hall) and landscaped the park in the fashion of the time – he would have had contact with Capability Brown when being brought up by his uncle 9th Earl of Exeter at Burghley House.

19th Century
Hanbury Hall circa 1880

Following Henry and Emma's divorce in 1791 the contents were all sold, and the house remained empty until Henry's death in 1804, when Emma and her third husband, John Phillips, were able to regain possession. As the house had lain unoccupied for so long, many repairs had to be carried out at that time. Emma died in 1818 and left her second cousin, Thomas Shrawley Vernon (1759-1825), as the heir to her estate after the death of her husband John Phillips. Phillips married again and had two daughters in Hanbury before finally moving out in 1829. From then, the eldest son of Emma's heir, Thomas Tayler Vernon (1792–1835), was able to occupy it. His grandson Harry Foley Vernon (1834–1920) MP, was created 1st Baronet of Hanbury in 1885.

20th Century
The rear of the hall, viewed across the parterre.

Harry Vernon was succeeded by his son Sir (Bowater) George Hamilton Vernon (1865–1940), 2nd Baronet. Sir George led an unhappy life, separating from his wife Doris, and spending his last 10 years living with his secretary and companion Ruth Horton, who later changed her name by deed poll to Vernon. During this time the agricultural depression led to a reduction in rental income, and Hanbury Hall suffered a lack of care.

In poor health, Sir George Vernon took his own life in 1940. There were no further heirs to the Baronetcy which became extinct. Sir George's estranged wife was able to move back in after his death, dying there in 1962.

National Trust

Negotiations led to the National Trust having the reversion, and after making essential repairs on Lady Vernon's death, the hall was let to tenants and opened to the public on a restricted basis. In recent years the hall has been managed more commercially and is now open daily.

House

The main house is in the Queen Anne style, and has two stories plus an attic. It has red Flemish bond ashlar brickwork, with a tiled hipped roof, and large brick chimney stacks. The main house was listed by English Heritage on 29 December 1952, and is a Grade I listed building.[2]

Paintings
Odysseus finds Achilles among the daughters of Lycomedes. This mural painting by Thornhill commands the main staircase.

A notable feature of Hanbury Hall is the painting of the staircase, hall ceiling, and other rooms by the English painter Sir James Thornhill. They include a small representation of Rev Henry Sacheverell being cast to the furies – this relates to an incident in 1710 when Sacheverell, a Tory, was put on trial for sedition by the Whig government, and dates the paintings to that year. The focus of the paintings around the stairwell is the life of the Greek hero Achilles, as told by a range of classical sources. They are surmounted by a large representation of the Olympian gods on the ceiling.

List of paintings
Title Year Artist
A Basket of Flowers 1768 Peter Brown
A Bronze Urn with Flowers on a Ledge ca. 1728 Pieter Hardimé
A Classical Landscape ca. 1689 manner of Jacob de Heusch
A Frigate and other Vessels in a Squall 1830s George Webster
A Still Life with Lobster 1675 Jan van den Hecke
A Vase with Flowers on a Ledge ca. 1671 attributed to Maria van Oosterwyck
A Young Child with a Dog, possibly Lucy Vernon with 'Spot' ca. 1849 British (English) School
A Young Girl ca. 1849 manner of Jean-Bapiste Greuze
A Young Girl holding a Sheaf of Corn with Cornflowers (possibly Emma Cornewall, Mrs Thomas Vernon [1711-1777]), representing Summer possibly Swiss School
A Young Woman with a Basket of Fruit (after Salome with the Head of John the Baptist) ca. 1664 after Simone Pignoni
Admiral, Sir Thomas Foley GCB (1757-1833) (after Sir William Beechey) 1849 Henry Weigall
An Italian Peasant Group outside a House 1890s Oliver Rhys
An Unknown Gentleman British (English) School
An Unknown Gentleman (possibly William Vernon of Horsington [1784 - 1751]) British (English) School
An Unknown Lady possibly Jane Carter, Mrs Richard Vernon British (English) School
An Unknown Man (possibly William Vernon [1684-1751] of Horsington) 1720 attributed to Enoch Seeman the younger
An Unknown Woman in Black, possibly Phoebe Bowater, Mrs William Vernon 1729 John Vanderbank
Auda Letitia Vernon, later Mrs T.A.Hill (1862-1957) as a Child 1864 Henry Weigall
Bowater Vernon (1683-1735) 1734 John Vanderbank
Bowater Vernon (1683-1735) with Hanbury Hall and its Formal Garden 1734 John Wootton
Calves and Poultry ca. 1911 Walter Hunt
Captain Thomas Vernon (1686-1734) attributed to Enoch Seeman the younger
Doris Allen, Lady Vernon (1883 -1962) 1900 John Collier
Elizabeth Tayler, Mrs Thomas Shrawley Vernon (d. 1850) British (English) School
Ellen Vernon, Mrs Henry Bearcroft (1831-1902) of Mere Hall, Hanbury 1850 British (English) School
Emily Mary Ann Chambers, Mrs John Herbert Foley (1771 - 1858) ca. 1786 after George Romney
Emma Cornewall, Mrs Thomas Vernon (1711-1777) Vera Stanley Alder
Emma Cornewall, Mrs Thomas Vernon (1731-1777) attributed to Joshua Reynolds
Flowers and Fruit heaped on a Marble Ledge with a Bird's Nest ca. 1782 probably by Jan van Os
Flowers in a Basket ca. 1749 British (English) School
Flowers in a Basket ca. 1677 Jean-Baptiste Monnoyer
Flowers in a Glass Bowl ca. 1694 Ernst Stuven
Flowers in a Glass Vase ca. 1652 possibly Jan Philip van Thielen
Jane Cornwallis, Mrs Bowater Vernon (1703-1760) 1734 John Vanderbank
Jessie Anna Letitia Foley, Mrs Thomas Tayler Vernon (1805 - 1840) British (English) School
King George I (1660–1727) 1715 British (English) School
Lady Caroline Isabella Howard, later Lady Cawdor (1771-1848), as a Young Girl (after an original of 1778) 1780 after Joshua Reynolds
Lady Georgina Sophia Baillie-Hamilton, Lady Foley (1839-1928) (profile perdu) 1860 possibly Henry Weigall
Lady Georgina Sophia Baillie-Hamilton, Lady Vernon (1839-1928) British (English) School
Mary Keck, Mrs Thomas Vernon (d.1733) John Vanderbank
Master Watkin Wynn, later Sir Watkin Williams-Wynne 5th Bt (1772-1840), as the Infant Saint John the Baptist ca. 1814 after Joshua Reynolds
Miss Alcock British (English) School
Peacocks and Farmyard Fowls with a Magpie in a Landscape ca. 1675 Melchior d'Hondecoeter
Possibly Jane Carter, Mrs Richard Vernon (d. 1697) manner of Peter Lely
Rachel Jeffreys, Mrs Thomas Vernon attributed to Enoch Seeman the younger
River Landscape with Boat, Swans, House and a Church ca. 1749 British (English) School
Sir Harry Foley Vernon, 1st Bt MP (1834-1920) 1855 British (English) School
Sir Harry Foley Vernon, 1st Bt MP (1834-1920) British (English) School
Still Life of Flowers in a Vase on a Ledge manner of Pieter Casteels
Still Life of Flowers in a Vase on a Ledge manner of Pieter Casteels
Still Life of a Silver Urn with Flowers and Fruit on a Ledge ca. 1726 Pieter Casteels III
Still Life with Flowers ca. 1635 manner of Balthasar van der Ast
The Descent from the Cross (after Jouvenet) ca. 1849 after Jean-Baptiste Jouvenet
The Mystic Marriage of Saint Catherine ca. 1849 after Correggio
Thomas Bowater Vernon (1832-1859) 1855 British (English) School
Thomas Bowater Vernon (1832-1859) and his Brother, later Sir Harry Foley Vernon, 1st Bt MP (1834-1920) as Children 1836 British (English) School
Thomas Shrawley Vernon (1759-1825) British (English) School
Thomas Vernon (d.1693), Registrar of Worcester British (English) School
Thomas Vernon, KC, MP (1654-1721) ca. 1697 possibly John Vanderbank
Thomas Vernon, MP (1724-1771) Vera Stanley Alder
Trees at Hanbury Hall ca. 1932 Doris Allen, Lady Vernon
William Jennyns, Gamekeeper at Hanbury Hall from 1822-1864 British (English) School
William Vernon (1654-1708) or his Son, William Vernon (1684-1721) ca. 1707 manner of Jonathan Richardson the elder
The Long Gallery to the north-west of the main range.

The Long Gallery pavilion range is located around 30 yards (27 m) north-west of the hall. It was listed along with an attached wall on 14 March 1969, and is Grade II*.[3]

Gardens

Formal gardens
The parterre, viewed from a first floor window of the hall.

George London designed the original formal gardens in 1705, heavily influenced by the gardens of Het Loo Palace and the Palace of Versailles. At the end of the 18th century they were removed, to be replaced by open spaces.[4]

The formal gardens were recreated in the 1990s, using the original plans from 1705 as well as later drawings. They were officially reopened on 28th July 1995.[4]

Orangery
The orangery and mushroom house in the gardens to the south-west of the main range.

The Orangery is around 120 yards (110 m) to the west of the hall, and was built around 1750. The one-story rectangular building has red Flemish bond ashlar brickwork, with a tiled hip roof behind a parapet. The main elevation faces south, and has nine sets of windows, of which the central three are moved forward and are topped with a pediment, containing a carved fruit basket along with flowers and wreaths. The parapet has urn and pineapple finals. The inside of the building has a tiled floor. The Orangery, along with adjoining walls, were listed on 14 March 1969, and are now Grade II* listed.[5]

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References
  1. Treadway Russell Nash (1781). Collections for the history of Worcestershire. London: Printed by John Nichols... OL 13812281M.
  2. Historic England. "Hanbury Hall (1350164)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 29 June 2015.
  3. "Recreation of a George London garden". National Trust. Retrieved 24 November 2019.
  4. Historic England. "The orangery and adjoining walls about 120 yards west of Hanbury Hall (1350127)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 November 2019.
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