Halothamnus bottae

Halothamnus bottae is a species of the plant genus Halothamnus, that belongs to the subfamily Salsoloideae of the family Amaranthaceae. It occurs on the Arabian peninsula.[1]

Halothamnus bottae
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Eudicots
(unranked):
Core eudicots
Order:
Caryophyllales
Family:
Amaranthaceae
Subfamily:
Salsoloideae
Tribe:
Salsoleae
Genus:
Halothamnus
Species:
H. bottae
Binomial name
Halothamnus bottae
Synonyms[1]
  • Caroxylon bottae (Jaub. & Spach) Moq.
  • Salsola bottae (Jaub. & Spach) Boiss.

Morphology

Halothamnus bottae is a shrub 30–50 cm high, with blueish-green, thorny branches. The leaves are standing off from the branches, they are triangular, and only 0,7-3 (rarely 8) mm long. The flowers are 2,6-3,6 mm long. The winged fruit is 6–9 mm in diameter. The bottom of the fruit tube has large ovate shallow pits alternating with five prominent radial veins (from the navel to the tepals).[1]

The subspecies H. bottae subsp. niger differs by green twigs soon becoming black, and by dark brown wings of fruit.[1]

  • fruit (lateral view)
  • fruits (bottom) of subsp. niger (left) and subsp. bottae (right)

Distribution

Halothamnus bottae is endemic on the Arabian peninsula (Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman, United Arab Emirates). It grows in open shrubland and semidesert on dry stony ground, from 0–2000 m above sea level. The subspecies H. bottae subsp. niger occurs only on southern Arabian peninsula, in hot arid lowlands up to 100 m above sea level (similar plants from eastern Africa belong to Halothamnus somalensis).[2]

Uses

In Oman, the dried parts of Halothamnus bottae are used as snuff.[3] Halothamnus bottae is grown as a fodder plant for animals.[4] It is traditionally used to strengthen the hair and to treat women diseases, and also used to cure anthrax, scabies and wounds of sheep.[4] The leaves contain the aliphatic constituents n-Hexacosane, 1-Triacosanol, 1-Triacontanol, 1-Henetriacontanol, Stigmasterol, and 1-Tritriacontanol.[4]

Taxonomy
Illustration of Halothamnus bottae from the original description by Jaubert & Spach, 1845

Halothamnus bottae has been first described in 1845 by Hippolyte François Jaubert and Édouard Spach (in Illustrationes plantarum orientalium, volume 2, pl. 136). It is the type species of the genus Halothamnus.[1]

It consists of two subspecies:[1]

  • Halothamnus bottae subsp. bottae
  • Halothamnus bottae subsp. niger Kothe-Heinr.

Vernacular names

In Saudi-Arabia, it is known as "hamḑ al-arnab" and "tiḩyan".[5] In Oman, Jibbali and Dhofari, commons names are "hamdeh" and "kizzot".[6] In Yemen, it is called "asal"[7] and "tanēt".[8]

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References
  1. Gabriele Kothe-Heinrich: Revision der Gattung Halothamnus (Chenopodiaceae). Bibliotheca Botanica Bd. 143, Schweizerbart, Stuttgart 1993, ISBN 978-3-510-48014-2, p. 53-57
  2. Gabriele Kothe-Heinrich: The genus Halothamnus (Chenopodiaceae) in Southwest Asia. - Flora et Vegetatio Mundi 9, 1991, p.43-52.
  3. Herbarium specimen Miller 6494 (Herbarium: E)
  4. Sultana, Shahnaz; Ali, Mohammed; Jameel, Mohammad (2018). "Aliphatic Constituents from the Leaves of Dillenia indica L., Halothamus bottae Jaub. and Xylosma longifolium Clos". Chemistry Research Journal. 3 (3): 109–117. PDF
  5. J. P. Mandaville: Flora of eastern Saudi Arabia. - London/New York: Kegan Paul International, 1990.
  6. A. G. Miller & D. M. Morris: Plants of Dhofar. - Muscat: Office of the Adviser for Conservation of the Environment, 1988.
  7. Herbarium specimen Wissmann 852 (Herbarium: LE)
  8. E. Blatter: Flora Arabica 8,1. - Calcutta: Superintendent government printing, 1919.
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