Gymnosporia nemorosa

Gymnosporia nemorosa is a spiny, somewhat sprawling evergreen shrub or small tree with drooping branches growing to some 5 m tall and found along forest edges in Mpumalanga, Swaziland, KwaZulu-Natal south to the Garden Route in the Southern Cape. In Maputaland the species adopts the form of a geoxylic suffrutex or ‘underground’ tree, with shoots sprouting from its woody, underground axis.[2]

Gymnosporia nemorosa
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Celastrales
Family:	Celastraceae
Genus:	Gymnosporia
Species:	G. nemorosa
Binomial name
Gymnosporia nemorosa (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Szyszyl.
Synonyms[1]
Celastrus nemorosus Eckl. & Zeyh. Maytenus nemorosa (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Marais

Its fragrant white, unisexual flower clusters grow in the axils of leaves on lateral shoots resembling spines. Dusky-pink, pear-shaped, pendulous fruits are about 15mm in length and the same in diameter, dehiscing along three longitudinal lines to produce 3 valves curling back from the distal end to reveal orange arils enclosing the seeds. Leaves are alternate or tufted, hairless, leathery, 25-50mm long, with slightly serrate margins, ovate to round in shape, glossy and dark green above, paler beneath, emarginate to acute, depressed apex. Branchlets are spiny and densely spotted with pale lenticels.[3][4] Larvae of the African moth Drepanogynis cambogiaria (Guenée, 1858) feed on this species and on other members of the Celastraceae.[5] This is one of the species frequently browsed by Black Rhino in the Hluhluwe–iMfolozi Park.[6]

Celastrus nemorosus - Glabrous, spiny; spines strong; leaves tufted, solitary on the twigs, elliptical, rounded, obtuse, or shortly emarginate, margined, dentato-serrate, shortly cuneate at base, sub-coriaceous, veiny; panicles axillary, cymose, shorter than the leaf, or equalling it; capsules trigonous, 3–2-seeded. Very like the preceding, but differing in the broader and rounder leaves, not much attenuate at base, evidently serrate or toothed. Also allied to C. verrucosus which is distinguished by its foliage, warty branches, and different fruit. Branches terete, sometimes sub-verrucose; twigs somewhat angular. Leaves glaucous above, livid below, with raised nerves, the larger 2–2 1/2 inches long, 1–1 1/2 inch wide; the smaller uncial. Panicle many flowered, in β. looser and longer. Flowers of C. buxifolius. Capsule 3 lines long. Collected at Kragga kamma, Adow, Olifantshoek, Hassagaisbosch, Howiesons Poort and Port Natal.

— Flora Capensis, Harvey & Sonder, Vol 1, page 460, (1894)

[7]

Phytochemicals

Galactitol, β-amyrin, Lupeol derivatives, Friedelin derivatives, Tingenone, 20-hydroxy-20-epi-tingenone [8]

Etymology

Nemus -oris = grove. cf. 'nemoral' = 'pertaining to a wood or grove' and Nemoralia

External links

• Gallery at iSpot

Gallery

• 
  Lenticels
• 
  New shoot
• 
  Immature fruits
• 
  Flowers
• 
  First description from "Enumeratio Plantarum Africae Australis Extratropicae" - Ecklon & Zeyher (1835)

References

1. "Gymnosporia nemorosa". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2019. Retrieved 2019-02-11.
2. http://abcjournal.org/index.php/ABC/article/viewFile/77/77
3. 'Trees and Shrubs of Mpumalanga and Kruger National Park' - Ernst Schmidt, Mervyn Lotter, Warren McCleland
4. 'Trees of the Garden Route' - Elna Venter (Briza, 2011)
5. "AfroMoths". www.afromoths.net. Retrieved 2017-08-01.
6. http://www.rhinoresourcecenter.com. "RRC: The mammals of the southern African subregion, new edition". www.rhinoresourcecenter.com. Retrieved 2017-08-01.
7. "JSTOR Global Plants: Search Results". plants.jstor.org. Retrieved 2017-08-01.
8. 'Chemotaxonomie der Pflanzen: Eine Übersicht über die Verbreitung und die systematische Bedeutung der Pflanzenstoffe, Band 9' - R. Hegnauer