Goniothalamus tapis

Goniothalamus tapis is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is native to Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, and Thailand.[2] Friedrich Anton Wilhelm Miquel, the Dutch botanists who first formally described the species, named it after a local vernacular name, Kajoe-tapis, from Pariaman Sumatra where the specimen he examined was found.[3][4]

Goniothalamus tapis
Botanical illustration of Goniothalamus tapis.[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Magnoliids
Order: Magnoliales
Family: Annonaceae
Genus: Goniothalamus
Species:
G. tapis
Binomial name
Goniothalamus tapis
Synonyms

Goniothalamus sumatranus Miq.
Goniothalamus umbrosus J.Sinclair

Description

It is a tree reaching 15-40 meters in height. Its petioles 4.5-11.5 by 1.4–3.4 millimeters and hairless or slightly hairy. Its papery to slightly leathery, oblong to elliptical leaves are 14.5–25.5 by 4.5–8 centimeters long, with short tapering tips and pointed to round bases. The tops of the leaves are matt and hairless while the undersides are hairless to slightly hairy. The leaves have 11–16 pairs of secondary veins emanating from their midribs. Its solitary flowers are born on 6-10 by 1-1.9 millimeters pedicels in axillary to supra-axillary positions. The pedicels are hairless to slightly hairy and have 2-3 bracts. Its oval to triangular, pink to red sepals are 3.5–10 by 3-6.5 millimeters. The sepals are hairless to slightly hairy outside and hairless inside. Its flower have 6 petals in two rows of three. The oval to elliptical outer petals are 2.6-7.0 by 1-2.5 centimeters and have a claw. The outer petals are cream-colored to pale yellow with pink or red highlights. The outer petals are hairless to densely hairy inside and out with a basal hairless path on their inner surface. The inner petals are 10-19 by 2.5-9.5 millimeters with a 1.2-2.5 millimeter-wide claw. The inner leaves are cream-colored to pale yellow with pink or red highlights. The inner petals are slightly to densely hairy outside and have and inner surface that is hairless at the base and granular at the top. Its flowers have 115–185 stamen that are 2.2-3.6 by 0.3-0.5 millimeters. Its flowers have 14-40 carpels with 1.5-2 by 0.4-0.8 millimeter densely hairy ovaries. Its stigma and style together are 1.3-4.2 millimeters long. The warty, hairless style is 0.1-0.5 millimeters wide. The funnel to awl shaped, stigma are hairy to slightly hairy. Its fruit are on 4-16 by 1.6–2.8 millimeters pedicels that are hairless to slightly hairy. The fruit are attached to the pedicel by a negligible to 6 by 1.2-2.3 millimeter stipe. The red, round to elliptical, smooth, hairless to slightly hairy fruit are 7–11 by 10-14 millimeters with rounded to pointed bases and rounded to pointed tips. The fruit have 1 seed each. The pale to brown, smooth to slightly wrinkled, slightly hairy to hairy, oval seeds are 7–9 by 9-12 millimeters.[5][6][4]

Reproductive biology

The pollen of G. tapis is shed as permanent tetrads.[7]

Habitat and distribution

It has been observed growing in rainforests at elevations of 30-900 meters. [8]

Uses

Bioactive molecules extracted from its bark and roots have been reported to inhibit platelet-activating factor receptor binding in tests with rabbit platelets.[9][10]

gollark: So you should make minoteaur, clearly.
gollark: Okay, that's all resolved.
gollark: ++delete <@319753218592866315> (typing)
gollark: ++delete <@559418497734803470> (out of memory)
gollark: That's it. I am OOM-killing you.

References
  1. King, George (1893). "Anonaceae of British India". Annals of the Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta. 4 (part 2): plate 140. Retrieved June 11, 2020.
  2. "Goniothalamus tapis Miq". Plants of the World Online. The Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. n.d. Retrieved January 30, 2019.
  3. Turner, I.M. (2018). "Annonaceae of the Asia-Pacific region: names, types and distributions". Gardens' Bulletin Singapore. 70 (2): 409–744. doi:10.26492/gbs70(2).2018-11. ISSN 0374-7859.
  4. Miquel, Friedrich Anton Wilhelm (1860). "Diagnoses Specierum et Generum Novorum Ordinumque, in Florae Ind. Batav. Voluminibus Prioribus Nondum Enumeratorum". Flora van Nederlandsch Indie (in Dutch and Latin). supplement 1. Amsterdam: C. G. van der Post. p. 371.
  5. Saunders, Richard M. K. (2002). "The genus Goniothalamus (Annonaceae) in Sumatra". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 139 (3): 225–254. doi:10.1046/j.1095-8339.2002.00061.x. ISSN 1095-8339.
  6. King, George (1893). "The Anonaceae of British India". Annals of the Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta. 4. Calcutta: The Bengal Secretariat Press. pp. 1–173.
  7. Saunders, Richard M. K.; Chalermglin, Piya (2008). "A synopsis of Goniothalamus species (Annonaceae) in Thailand, with descriptions of three new species". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 156 (3): 355–384. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2007.00762.x. ISSN 0024-4074.
  8. Saunders, Richard M. K. (2003). "A synopsis of Goniothalamus species (Annonaceae) in Peninsular Malaysia, with a description of a new species". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 142 (3): 321–339. doi:10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.00177.x. ISSN 1095-8339.
  9. Moharam, Bushra Abdulkarim; Jantan, Ibrahim; Jalil, Juriyati; Ahmad, Fasihuddin (2012). "Inhibitory Effect of Compounds from Goniothalamus tapis Miq. and Goniothalamus uvaroides King on Platelet-Activating Factor Receptor Binding". Phytotherapy Research. 26 (5): 687–691. doi:10.1002/ptr.3620. ISSN 0951-418X. PMID 22002630.
  10. Moharam, Bushra Abdulkarim; Jantan, Ibrahim; Ahmad, Fasihuddin bin; Jalil, Juriyati (2010). "Antiplatelet Aggregation and Platelet Activating Factor (PAF) Receptor Antagonistic Activities of the Essential Oils of Five Goniothalamus Species". Molecules. 15 (8): 5124–5138. doi:10.3390/molecules15085124. ISSN 1420-3049.
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