Gonin Gumi

The Gonin Gumi (五人組) were groups of five households that were held collectively responsible, in a manner similar to the Frith-borh in England, during the Edo period of Japanese history. All households in the shogunate were members of such a group, with all members of the group held responsible for the good conduct of all of the other members, and of their dependents. The responsibility included responsibility for crime and for non-payment of taxes.[1][2]

Overview

When the Tokugawa Shogunate came to power, they implemented a patriarchal system in Japan by reinforcing organized farming villages. The Gonin Gumi, which was introduced in January 1725, was an integral part of this policy.[3] The Japanese official register declared that members of the collective are "duty bound to keep watch not only over the doings of their families, but also of their employees and tenants, as they are responsible to the Government for actions of these people."[3] The Gonin Gumi were primarily aimed at combating the vagabondage and brigandage of the time, including mutual defence against the rōnin. Some sources underscored that this system was established for the purpose of taxation and the peasant households that constitute each Gonin Gumi were jointly held responsible for a member's inability to pay.[4]

The Gonin Gumi was headed by a leader who was usually elected from within, but sometimes appointed from above. In Kyoto, an elder called machi toshiyori led the grouping, with three member-representatives helping him in the administration.[5] The groups did not always contain five households. In some districts, the groups could comprise six, or even ten, households.[1] The Gonin Gumi is reorganized annually and those who leave and do not join other groups are punished after a trial.[3]

The Gonin Gumi are sometimes erroneously conflated with the ryo-donari (a.k.a. muko-sangen), which are informal social institutions. The Gonin Gumi were formal institutions, involved in law enforcement.[1]

gollark: CoFH World is a dependency for Thermal Foundation handling worldgen.
gollark: Cult of the Full Hub.
gollark: <@!330678593904443393> Worldgen WORKS but is incompatible with CoFH World.
gollark: ```File applied-energistics-2 [rv6-stable-3].jar already downloaded.File autoreglib [1.3-20].jar already downloaded.File baubles [1.12-1.5.2].jar already downloaded.File bitcoin [1.12.2-1.1.0].jar already downloaded.File botania [r1.10-357].jar already downloaded.File codechicken-lib [1.12-3.2.2.353].jar already downloaded.File cofh-core [1.12.2-4.6.1.22].jar already downloaded.File cofh-world [1.12.2-1.3.0.6].jar already downloaded.File computercraft [1.80pr1.10].jar already downloaded.File cubic-chunks [1.12.2-0.0.902.0].jar already downloaded.File cubic-chunks-worldgen [1.12.2-0.0.33.0].jar already downloaded.File jei [1.12.2-4.13.1.222].jar already downloaded.File opencomputers [1.12.2-1.7.2.67].jar already downloaded.File plethora-peripherals [1.12.2-1.1.13].jar already downloaded.File psi [r1.1-59].jar already downloaded.File quark [r1.5-130].jar already downloaded.File redstone-flux [1.12.2-2.1.0.6].jar already downloaded.File thermal-dynamics [1.1.2-2.5.3.16].jar already downloaded.File thermal-expansion [1.1.2-5.5.2.39].jar already downloaded.File thermal-foundation [1.1.2-2.6.1.22].jar already downloaded.File thermal-innovation [1.1.2-0.3.1.8].jar already downloaded.File tis-3d [1.12.2-1.5.0.34].jar already downloaded.File vanillafix [1.0.9-97].jar already downloaded.File wawla [1.12.2-2.5.264].jar already downloaded.File worldedit [mc1.12-6.1.8].jar already downloaded.File xaero-minimap [1.15.8].jar already downloaded.██████████████████████████████████████░░ ❘ moar-boats ❘ 96% ❘ 1s ❘ 1.91MB/2MB ❘ 379.45kB/sMod download complete. The modpack recommends Forge version 14.23.5.2768.```Progress bars: the epitome of advanced technology. Please ignore the slightly broken number there.
gollark: Expect it to be kind of broken because nothing supports cubic chunks worldgen, though if you like I can generate the ores using a command computer as a backup.

See also

References
  1. Joseph H. Longford (1996). The Tokugawa epoch. Routledge. p. 47. ISBN 9780415154178.
  2. Jennifer Lea Anderson (1991). An Introduction to Japanese Tea Ritual. SUNY Press. p. 263. ISBN 9780791407493.
  3. Takekoshi, Yosaburo (2016). The Economic Aspects of the History of the Civilization of Japan, Volume 1. London: Routledge. p. 395. ISBN 9781136523731.
  4. Read, Benjamin; Pekkanen, Robert (2009). Local Organizations and Urban Governance in East and Southeast Asia: Straddling State and Society. Oxon: Routledge. p. 61. ISBN 0203876156.
  5. Durães, Margarida; Fauve-Chamoux, Antoinette; Ferrer, Llorenc; Kok, Jan (2009). The Transmission of Well-being: Gendered Marriage Strategies and Inheritance Systems in Europe (17th-20th Centuries). Bern: Peter Lang. p. 509. ISBN 9783034300568.
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