Glypican 2

Function

Cerebroglycan is a glycophosphatidylinositol-linked integral membrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan found in the developing nervous system. Cerebroglycan participates in cell adhesion and is thought to regulate the growth and guidance of axons.[7] Cerebroglycan has especially high affinity for laminin-1.[8]

Implications in cancer

GPC2 has been suggested as a therapeutic target in neuroblastoma.[9][10] GPC2 is highly expressed in about half of neuroblastoma cases and that high GPC2 expression correlates with poor overall survival.[9] GPC2 silencing inactivates Wnt/β-catenin signaling and reduces the expression of N-Myc, an oncogenic driver of neuroblastoma tumorigenesis.[9] Immunotoxins and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells targeting GPC2 inhibit neuroblastoma growth in mouse models.[9] A GPC3 specific antibody drug conjugate (ADC) can also inhibit neuroblastoma cell proliferation.[10]

gollark: I'm aware, those aren't "modular" in the common sense.
gollark: Modular phones are also really hard.
gollark: ... nobody is enforcing that, some things are just hard and/or undesired.
gollark: I suppose it's reasonable to just blame other people's different preferences and the high capital cost of phone manufacturing rather than just "the market" but meh.
gollark: I want a phone which doesn't look terrible, but I also don't care that much about aesthetics and want something cheap, durable, and functional, and apparently the market doesn't want to provide that.

See also

References
  1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000213420 - Ensembl, May 2017
  2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000029510 - Ensembl, May 2017
  3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. Stipp CS, Litwack ED, Lander AD (January 1994). "Cerebroglycan: an integral membrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan that is unique to the developing nervous system and expressed specifically during neuronal differentiation". The Journal of Cell Biology. 124 (1–2): 149–60. doi:10.1083/jcb.124.1.149. PMC 2119891. PMID 8294498.
  6. "Entrez Gene: GPC2 glypican 2".
  7. Ivins JK, Litwack ED, Kumbasar A, Stipp CS, Lander AD (April 1997). "Cerebroglycan, a developmentally regulated cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan, is expressed on developing axons and growth cones" (PDF). Developmental Biology. 184 (2): 320–32. doi:10.1006/dbio.1997.8532. PMID 9133438.
  8. Herndon ME, Stipp CS, Lander AD (February 1999). "Interactions of neural glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans with protein ligands: assessment of selectivity, heterogeneity and the participation of core proteins in binding". Glycobiology. 9 (2): 143–55. doi:10.1093/glycob/9.2.143. PMID 9949192.
  9. Li N, Fu H, Hewitt SM, Dimitrov DS, Ho M (August 2017). "Therapeutically targeting glypican-2 via single-domain antibody-based chimeric antigen receptors and immunotoxins in neuroblastoma". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 114 (32): E6623–E6631. doi:10.1073/pnas.1706055114. PMC 5559039. PMID 28739923.
  10. Bosse KR, Raman P, Zhu Z, Lane M, Martinez D, Heitzeneder S, et al. (September 2017). "Identification of GPC2 as an Oncoprotein and Candidate Immunotherapeutic Target in High-Risk Neuroblastoma". Cancer Cell. 32 (3): 295–309.e12. doi:10.1016/j.ccell.2017.08.003. PMC 5600520. PMID 28898695.


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