Glycerol (data page)

This page provides supplementary chemical data on glycerol.

Material Safety Data Sheet

The handling of this chemical may incur notable safety precautions. It is highly recommended that you seek the Material Safety Datasheet (MSDS) for this chemical from a reliable source and follow its directions.

Structure and properties

Structure and properties
Index of refraction, nD	1.4729 at 20°C
Abbe number	?
Dielectric constant, εr	42.5 ε0 at 25 °C
Bond strength	?
Bond length	?
Bond angle	?
Magnetic susceptibility	?
Surface tension	63.4 mN/m at 20°C 58.6 mN/m at 90°C 51.9 mN/m at 150°C
Viscosity[1]	4.220 Pa·s at 2.8°C 1.069 Pa·s at 20°C

Thermodynamic properties

Phase behavior
Triple point	291.8 K (18.7 °C), ~99500 Pa
Critical point	850 K (577 °C), 7500 kPa
Std enthalpy change of fusion, ΔfusH^o	18.28 kJ/mol
Std entropy change of fusion, ΔfusS^o	62.7 J/(mol·K)
Std enthalpy change of vaporization, ΔvapH^o	91.7 kJ/mol
Std entropy change of vaporization, ΔvapS^o	201 J/(mol·K)
Solid properties
Std enthalpy change of formation, ΔfH^osolid	? kJ/mol
Standard molar entropy, S^osolid	? J/(mol K)
Heat capacity, cp	150. J/(mol K) 6°C - 11°C
Liquid properties
Std enthalpy change of formation, ΔfH^oliquid	–669.6 kJ/mol
Standard molar entropy, S^oliquid	? J/(mol K)
Enthalpy of combustion, ΔcH^o	–1654.3 kJ/mol
Heat capacity, cp	221.9 J/(mol K) at 25°C
Gas properties
Std enthalpy change of formation, ΔfH^ogas	–577.9 kJ/mol
Standard molar entropy, S^ogas	? J/(mol K)
Heat capacity, cp	? J/(mol K)

Vapor pressure of liquid

P in mm Hg		1	10	40	100	400	760
T in °C		125.5	167.2	198.0	220.1	263.0	290.0

Table data obtained from CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 44th ed.

log₁₀ of Glycerol vapor pressure. Uses formula: ${\displaystyle \scriptstyle \log _{e}P_{mmHg}=}$${\displaystyle \scriptstyle \log _{e}({\frac {760}{101.325}})-21.25867\log _{e}(T+273.15)-{\frac {16726.26}{T+273.15}}+165.5099+1.100480\times 10^{-05}(T+273.15)^{2}}$ obtained from CHERIC[2]

Freezing point of aqueous solutions

% glycerol by weight		10	20	30	40	50	60	70	80	90	100
Freezing point °C		–1.6	–4.8	–9.5	–15.5	–22.0	–33.6	–37.8	–19.2	–1.6	17.0
Specific gravity d^15°		1.02415	1.04935	1.07560	1.10255	1.12985	1.15770	1.18540	1.21290	1.23950	1.26557

Table data obtained from Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 10th ed. Specific gravity is at 15°C, referenced to water at 15°C.

See details on: Freezing Points of Glycerine-Water Solutions Dow Chemical [3] or Freezing Points of Glycerol and Its Aqueous Solutions [4].

Distillation data

Vapor-liquid Equilibrium of Glycerol/water[5] P = 760 mmHg
BP Temp. °C	% by mole water
	liquid	vapor
278.8	2.75	93.15
247.0	4.67	94.73
224.0	6.90	95.63
219.2	7.67	97.43
210.0	9.01	97.83
202.5	10.31	97.24
196.5	11.59	98.39
175.2	17.56	98.99
149.3	30.04	99.64
137.2	38.47	99.76
136.8	38.95	98.78
131.8	43.58	99.76
121.5	56.33	99.84
112.8	70.68	99.93
111.3	73.86	99.94
106.3	84.42	99.96

Spectral data

UV-Vis
λmax	? nm
Extinction coefficient, ε	?
IR
Major absorption bands	? cm^−1
NMR
Proton NMR
Carbon-13 NMR
Other NMR data
MS
Masses of main fragments

References

1. Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 10th ed. pp 1669-1674
2. "Pure Component Properties" (Queriable database). Chemical Engineering Research Information Center. Retrieved 13 May 2007.
3. Freezing Points of Glycerine-Water Solutions Dow Chemical
4. Lane, Leonard B. (September 1925). "Freezing Points of Glycerol and Its Aqueous Solutions". Industrial & Engineering Chemistry. 17 (9): 924–924. doi:10.1021/ie50189a017.
5. "Binary Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Data" (Queriable database). Chemical Engineering Research Information Center. Retrieved 7 June 2007.

Except where noted otherwise, data relate to standard ambient temperature and pressure.

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