George W. Ashburn

George W. Ashburn (1814 – March 30, 1868) was a Radical Republican assassinated by the Ku Klux Klan in Columbus, Georgia for his pro-African-American sentiments. He was the first murder victim of the Klan in Georgia.[1]

George W. Ashburn
"The Ku Klux Klan At Work -- The Assassination Of The Hon. G.W. Ashburn, In Columbus, Georgia."
Born1814
North Carolina, United States
DiedMarch 31, 1868 (aged 53–54)
Columbus, Georgia, United States
OccupationUnion Army colonel, judge
Political partyRadical Republican

Early life

Ashburn was born in North Carolina in 1814. He moved to Georgia around 1830. He opposed the Secession of Georgia. During the American Civil War, he was commissioned a Colonel in the Union army.

After President Abraham Lincoln was assassinated in April 1865, Ashburn wrote a letter to Andrew Johnson stating "the hand of God" assassination on the grounds that Lincoln was not properly prepared to punish ex-Confederates for their deeds.[2] He married Georgia Ryley in 1843. They had one daughter.

Postwar

At the end of the war, Ashburn returned to Columbus, Georgia and was appointed a judge by the military Governor, George G. Meade. In this capacity he worked to remove the political disabilities of all disenfranchised Georgians.[3] Ashburn called to order the Georgia Constitutional Convention of 1867, held in Atlanta, which also aimed at removing the obstructions placed on African Americans rights after the end of slavery.[4] Ashburn was the author of the provisions in the new Constitution that assured civil rights to blacks.[5] At the Convention, Ashburn suggested that the new Constitution should be implemented even if the people of Georgia don't concur.[6]

Considered a scalawag by his white Columbus neighbors, he worked with the Freedmens Bureau and alongside African American leaders such as Henry McNeal Turner. His actions quickly created several enemies across the South. Ashburn lived amongst the African American population and garnered attention from the Ku Klux Klan, which established their Columbus chapter on March 21, 1868 after a visit from Nathan Bedford Forrest.[7] Henry Benning testified that Mr. Ashburn had "quit his wife and took up with a negro woman in Columbus."[8]

Assassination

On the night of March 30, 1868, Ashburn participated at a huge gathering of blacks and Republicans at Temperance Hall in Columbus, Georgia. One of the featured speakers was Henry McNeal Turner.[9] Just after midnight, Ashburn was murdered at a house on the corner of 13th Avenue and 1st Street by a group of five well-dressed men wearing masks.[10][11]

Political exoneration

During the time of Ashburn’s murder, Georgia was still under the military governorship of General George Meade (the victor of Gettysburg), of the Third Military District. As soon as he heard of the murder, Meade implemented martial law in Columbus, removing the mayor from office, and ordering the immediate arrest of all suspects.[12] The trial, beginning on June 29, gained national attention as over twenty persons were arrested and held at Fort McPherson. The prisoners consisted mostly of prominent white residents of Columbus. General Henry L. Benning and former Confederate Vice President Alexander Stephens agreed to represent the accused.

The Federal government was pushing for Georgia to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment, while the Georgia legislature was resisting it.[13] The defenders of the Klan saw an opportunity for a bargain. On July 21, as the trial progressed, Georgia agreed to ratify the 14th Amendment in exchange for General Meade's termination of the prosecution of the murderers. All prisoners made bail and returned to Columbus. No one was ever prosecuted.[14]

National attention

Newspapers across the United States covered the assassination and subsequent trial. The pro-Klan forces in the South capitalized upon the events, publishing a full-length book on the trial titled Radical Rule: Military Outrage in Georgia.

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See also

References
  1. Encyclopedia of Unsolved Crimes
  2. Atlanta, Cradle of the New South
  3. Rose, David. The Big Eddy Club THE STOCKING STRANGLINGS AND SOUTHERN JUSTICE. New York: The New Press, 2007 (65-72).
  4. Georgia Constitutional Convention of 1867
  5. Atlanta, Cradle of the New South
  6. New York Times, January 24, 1868
  7. Radical Rule: Military Outrage in Georgia (1868)
  8. General Henry Benning, quoted by Rose
  9. Atlanta, Cradle of the New South
  10. J. Riley Case, Unpredictable Gospel
  11. The Murder of George W. Ashburn of Georgia. Published: April 6, 1868. Copyright © The New York Times
  12. Papers of Ulysses Grant
  13. Georgia declines the 14th Amendment
  14. Carpetbaggers and Scalawags: Georgia Encyclopedia
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