George Sylvester Viereck

George Sylvester Viereck (December 31, 1884 – March 18, 1962) was a German-American poet, writer, and pro-German propagandist.[1]

George Sylvester Viereck
Portrait of Viereck, by Underwood & Underwood, 1922
BornGeorge Sylvester Viereck
(1884-12-31)December 31, 1884
Munich, German Empire
DiedMarch 18, 1962(1962-03-18) (aged 77)
Holyoke, Massachusetts, United States
OccupationJournalist, novelist, essayist, nazi propagandist
GenrePoetry

Biography

Early life

George Viereck was born in the Kingdom of Bavaria, to a German father and American-born mother.

The father, Louis, born out of wedlock to German actress Edwina Viereck, was reputed to be a son of Kaiser Wilhelm I. Another relative of the Hohenzollern family assumed legal paternity of the boy. In the 1870s, Louis Viereck joined the Marxist socialist movement.

George Viereck began writing poetry when he was eleven. His heroes were Jesus Christ, Napoleon Bonaparte, and Oscar Wilde. In 1896, Louis Viereck emigrated to the United States; his U.S.-born wife Laura and their twelve-year-old son George followed in 1897.

While still in college, in 1904, George Sylvester Viereck, with the help of literary critic Ludwig Lewisohn, published his first collection of poems.[2] He graduated from the College of the City of New York in 1906. The next year his collection Nineveh and Other Poems (1907) won Viereck national fame. A number were written in the style of the Uranian male love poetry of the time.[3] The Saturday Evening Post called Viereck "the most widely-discussed young literary man in the United States today".[4]

Between 1907 and 1912, Viereck turned into a Germanophile. In 1908, he published the best-selling Confessions of a Barbarian. Viereck lectured at the University of Berlin on American poetry in 1911.[5] For his support of Germany and pacifism, Viereck was expelled from several social clubs and fraternal organizations, and had a falling out with a close friend, poet Blanche Shoemaker Wagstaff.[6][7][8]

During World War I he edited a German-sponsored weekly magazine, The Fatherland with a claimed circulation of 80,000.[9] In August 1918, a lynch mob stormed Viereck's house in Mount Vernon, forcing him to seek refuge in a New York City hotel.[10] In 1919, shortly after the Great War, he was expelled from the Poetry Society of America.[11]

International success

In 1923, Viereck published a popular-science book entitled Rejuvenation: How Steinach Makes People Young, which drew the attention of Sigmund Freud,[12] who wrote Viereck asking if he would write a similar book about psychoanalysis. Viereck traveled to Vienna to interview Freud, and then went to Munich to interview Adolf Hitler.[13] During the mid-1920s, Viereck went on several additional tours of Europe, interviewing Marshal Foch, Georges Clemenceau, George Bernard Shaw, Oswald Spengler, Benito Mussolini, Queen Elisabeth of the Belgians, Henry Ford, Albert Moll, Magnus Hirschfeld, and Albert Einstein.[14] Viereck became close friends with Nikola Tesla.[15] Tesla occasionally attended dinner parties held by Viereck and his wife. He dedicated his poem "Fragments of Olympian Gossip" to Viereck, a work in which Tesla ridiculed the scientific establishment of the day.

Support for Hitler

Viereck founded two publications, The International (of which the notorious poet and occultist Aleister Crowley was a contributing editor for a time) and The Fatherland, which argued the German cause during World War I. Viereck became a well-known supporter of National Socialism. In 1933, Viereck again met with Hitler, now Germany's leader, in Berlin, and in 1934, he gave a speech to twenty thousand "Friends of the New Germany" at New York's Madison Square Garden, in which he compared Hitler to Franklin D. Roosevelt and told his audience to sympathize with National Socialism without being antisemites. His Jewish friends denounced him as "George Swastika Viereck", but he continued to promote National Socialism.[16]

In 1941, he was indicted in the U.S. for a violation of the Foreign Agents Registration Act when he set up his publishing house, Flanders Hall, in Scotch Plains, New Jersey.[17] He was convicted in 1942 for this failure to register with the U. S. Department of State as a National Socialist agent.[18] He was imprisoned from 1942 to 1947.

Post war

Viereck's memoir of life in prison, Men Into Beasts, was published as a paperback original by Fawcett Publications in 1952. The book is a general memoir of discomfort, loss of dignity, and brutality in prison life. The front matter and backcover text focuses on the situational homosexuality and male rape described in the book (witnessed, not experienced, by Viereck). The book, while a memoir, is thus the first original title of 1950s gay pulp fiction, an emerging genre in that decade.

Viereck also published a vampire novel, The House of the Vampire (1907), which is one of the first psychic vampire stories where a vampire feeds off more than just blood.[19]

Family

His son, Peter Viereck, was a historian, political writer and poet. A 2005 The New Yorker article discusses how the younger Viereck both rejected and was shaped by the ideologies of his father.[20]

Reception

The poem "Slaves" published in the 1924 collection The Three Sphinxes and Other Poems inspired the title of the 1968 psychothriller Twisted Nerve, and is quoted several times in the film:

A twisted nerve, a ganglion gone awry,
Predestinates the sinner and the saint.

Bibliography

Articles

Miscellany
  • (1907) America: A Litany of Nations. Edited by George Sylvester Viereck. New York: The New Immigrants' Protective League.
  • (1913) The Works of George Sylvester Viereck. New York: Moffat, Yard & Company [5 vols.]
  • (1915) Debate between George Sylvester Viereck and Cecil Chesterton. New York: The Fatherland Corporation.
  • (1925) The Harlot’s House and Other Poems. Edited, with an introduction, by George Sylvester Viereck. Girard, Kansas: Haldeman-Julius Company.
  • (1929) As They Saw Us: Foch, Ludendorff and Other Leaders Write Our War History. Edited by George Sylvester Viereck. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Doran & Company.

Foreign editions
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gollark: Yes, apparently it exists because of an integration with some ancient company which exploded.
gollark: I see.

References
  1. Keller, Phyllis (1971). "George Sylvester Viereck: The Psychology of a German-American Militant", The Journal of Interdisciplinary History, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 59–108. doi: 10.2307/202443. JSTOR 202443
  2. Keller, Phyllis (1979). States of Belonging: German-American Intellectuals and the First World War, Harvard University Press.
  3. Mader, D. H. (2005). "The Greek Mirror: Uranians and their use of Greece", in Verstraete and Provencal, (ed.) Same-Sex Desire and Love in Greco-Roman Antiquity, Psychology Press, p. 384.
  4. Reiss, Tom (2005). The Orientalist. Solving the Mystery of a Strange and Dangerous Life. New York: Random House, p. 285.
  5. Gertz, Elmer (1978). The Odyssey of a Barbarian: The Biography of George Sylvester Viereck, Prometheus Books, p. 99.
  6. "Viereck Expelled by Author's League", The New York Times, July 26, 1918.
  7. "N.Y.A.C Expels Viereck", The New York Times, August 16, 1918.
  8. "Blanche Shoemaker Wagstaff". ViereckProject. 2014. Archived from the original on March 13, 2014. Retrieved March 13, 2014.
  9. Jeffery, Keith (January 26, 2016). 1916: A Global History. 5736: Bloomsbury USA.CS1 maint: location (link)
  10. American National Biography Online
  11. Monroe, Harriet (1919). "The Viereck Incident", Poetry, Vol. 13, No. 5, pp. 265–267. JSTOR 20572006
  12. Gertz (1978), p. 238.
  13. Johnson, Niel M. (1972). George Sylvester Viereck: German-American Propagandist, University of Illinois Press.
  14. Reiss (2005), pp. 286–287.
  15. Cheney, Margaret & Robert Uth (2001). Tesla: Master of Lightning. Barnes & Noble Books, p. 137.
  16. Reiss (2005), pp. 288–289.
  17. Johnson, Neil M. (1968). George Sylvester Viereck: Poet and Propagandist in Books at Iowa, no. 9, pp. 22–36.
  18. Carlson, John Roy (1943). Under Cover. Philadelphia: The Blakiston Company.
  19. Lampert-Weissig, Lisa (2013). "The Vampire as Dark and Glorious Necessity in George Sylvester Viereck's House of the Vampire and Hanns Heinz Ewers' Vampir", in Samantha George and Bill Hughes, ed., Open Graves, Open Minds: Representations of Vampires and the Undead from the Enlightenment to the Present Day, Manchester University Press.
  20. Reiss, Tom (2005). "The First Conservative: How Peter Viereck Inspired – and Lost – a Movement", The New Yorker, October 24.

Further reading
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