George Frederic Augustus I

George Frederic Augustus I (1798 – 1824)[1] served from 1801–1824 as a mostly titular king of the mixed-race Miskito Sambu or Mosquitos Zambos, as the Spanish called them, an indigenous people of Honduras.[2] Although the title and office were hereditary, the "kings" held no real power, with all political power held by British superintendents in the region instead.[3]

George Frederic Augustus I
King of The Miskito
Reign1801–1824
Coronation18 January 1816
PredecessorGeorge II Frederic
SuccessorRobert Charles Frederic
Born1798
DiedMarch 1824
FatherGeorge II Frederic

Succession and regency

George Frederic was quite young when his father and predecessor George II Frederic was murdered, according to the later visitor George Henderson, an act "attributed very openly to the designs of his brother Stephen." George II was pro-British, while Stephen was alleged to be pro-Spanish, and the so-called "General" Robinson, a chief and person of consequence in the native hierarchy, managed to organize a regency to prevent Stephen from taking power until George Frederic was of age.[4] George Frederic maintained a fairly close connection to British authorities in Belize, for in 1802, British officials in Belize gave "the young King Frederick" and three of his chiefs gifts worth £40.[5] At some later point before 1804, he was sent to Jamaica to be educated.[4] When Henderson visited in 1804, the regency was still in practice, with a balance maintained between Stephen and Robinson. A sea captain named Peter Sheppard, who regularly traded between Jamaica and the Mosquito coast during the period 1814 to 1839, testified that he had carried certain chiefs of the kingdom and its subject peoples to visit the young king in Jamaica.[6]

Regency

Stephen made overtures to Spain, and the struggle between Stephen and Robinson continued in spite of Spanish attempts to treat Stephen as king. Stephen, for his part, continued raids on Spanish territory. On 14 November 1815, Stephen, styled the "King Regent of the... Shore" and "of the most principal inhabitants commanding the different townships of the south-eastern Mosquito Shore..." gave their "consent, assent, and declaration to, for, and of" George Frederic as their "Sovereign King".[7] George Frederic was crowned in Belize on 18 January 1816.[8] According to the Superintendent Sir George Arthur, George specifically requested that he be crowned in Belize, "in the presence of your chieftains," the 18 January being the Queen of England's birthday.[9] This coronation in Belize marked a shift from coronation in Jamaica to Belize.

Reign

George Frederic, by virtue of the long time he spent in Jamaica and his absence from the so-called court (more a council of sometimes rival chieftains), found it difficult to establish his authority upon his return. His two most powerful subordinates, with their own self-chosen titles, had used the regency to build local power bases. "General" Robinson, who ruled the Black River region, had not signed the act accepting George Frederic as king. "Governor" Clementi, who ruled the territory just south of the royal court was also very powerful and refused to participate in many acts of government. Thanks to George Frederic's alleged rape of one of the wives of "Admiral" Earnee, there was tension between the king and him as well.[10]

George Frederic made a number of grants to various foreign groups; one of the most notable was the grant of a huge tract he made to Gregor MacGregor in 1820, an area called Poyais, which encompassed lands once granted by King George I to a group of settlers. MacGregor then created a fraudulent scheme to bring European settlers there; when the settlers arrived, the king revoked the grant and required them to pay allegiance directly to him.[11] He agreed to allow the Black Caribs, or Garifuna, who were dissatisfied with their lives among the Spanish at Trujillo, to settle in his lands.[12]

He died on 9 March 1824, either strangled by his wife and his body thrown into the sea, or assassinated by a "Captain Peter Le Shaw".[13][14]

gollark: > `import hashlib`Hashlib is still important!> `for entry, ubq323 in {**globals(), **__builtins__, **sys.__dict__, **locals(), CONSTANT: Entry()}.items():`Iterate over a bunch of things. I think only the builtins and globals are actually used.The stuff under here using `blake2s` stuff is actually written to be ridiculously unportable, to hinder analysis. This caused issues when trying to run it, so I had to hackily patch in the `/local` thing a few minutes before the deadline.> `for PyObject in gc.get_objects():`When I found out that you could iterate over all objects ever, this had to be incorporated somehow. This actually just looks for some random `os` function, and when it finds it loads the obfuscated code.> `F, G, H, I = typing(lookup[7]), typing(lookup[8]), __import__("functools"), lambda h, i, *a: F(G(h, i))`This is just a convoluted way to define `enumerate(range))` in one nice function.> `print(len(lookup), lookup[3], typing(lookup[3])) #`This is what actually loads the obfuscated stuff. I think.> `class iｎt(typing(lookup[0])):`Here we subclass `complex`. `complex` is used for 2D coordinates within the thing, so I added some helper methods, such as `__iter__`, allowing unpacking of complex numbers into real and imaginary parts, `abs`, which generates a complex number a+ai, and `ℝ`, which provvides the floored real parts of two things.> `class Mаtrix:`This is where the magic happens. It actually uses unicode homoglyphs again, for purposes.> `self = typing("dab7d4733079c8be454e64192ce9d20a91571da25fc443249fc0be859b227e5d")`> `rows = gc`I forgot what exactly the `typing` call is looking up, but these aren't used for anything but making the fake type annotations work.> `def __init__(rows: self, self: rows):`This slightly nonidiomatic function simply initializes the matrix's internals from the 2D array used for inputs.> `if 1 > (typing(lookup[1]) in dir(self)):`A convoluted way to get whether something has `__iter__` or not.
gollark: If you guess randomly the chance of getting none right is 35%ish.
gollark: Anyway, going through #12 in order:> `import math, collections, random, gc, hashlib, sys, hashlib, smtplib, importlib, os.path, itertools, hashlib`> `import hashlib`We need some libraries to work with. Hashlib is very important, so to be sure we have hashlib we make sure to keep importing it.> `ℤ = int`> `ℝ = float`> `Row = "__iter__"`Create some aliases for int and float to make it mildly more obfuscated. `Row` is not used directly in anywhere significant.> `lookup = [...]`These are a bunch of hashes used to look up globals/objects. Some of them are not actually used. There is deliberately a comma missing, because of weird python string concattey things.```pythondef aes256(x, X): import hashlib A = bytearray() for Α, Ҙ in zip(x, hashlib.shake_128(X).digest(x.__len__())): A.append(Α ^ Ҙ) import zlib, marshal, hashlib exec(marshal.loads(zlib.decompress(A)))```Obviously, this is not actual AES-256. It is abusing SHAKE-128's variable length digests to implement what is almost certainly an awful stream cipher. The arbitrary-length hash of our key, X, is XORed with the data. Finally, the result of this is decompressed, loaded (as a marshalled function, which is extremely unportable bytecode I believe), and executed. This is only used to load one piece of obfuscated code, which I may explain later.> `class Entry(ℝ):`This is also only used once, in `typing` below. Its `__init__` function implements Rule 110 in a weird and vaguely golfy way involving some sets and bit manipulation. It inherits from float, but I don't think this does much.> `#raise SystemExit(0)`I did this while debugging the rule 110 but I thought it would be fun to leave it in.> `def typing(CONSTANT: __import__("urllib3")):`This is an obfuscated way to look up objects and load our obfuscated code.> `return getattr(Entry, CONSTANT)`I had significant performance problems, so this incorporates a cache. This was cooler™️ than dicts.
gollark: The tiebreaker algorithm is vulnerable to any attack against Boris Johnson's Twitter account.
gollark: I can't actually shut them down, as they run on arbitrary google services.

References
  1. Deborah Robb Taylor (2005). The Times & Life of Bluefields. Academia de Geografía e Historia de Nicaragua. p. 425. ISBN 978-99924-846-2-3.
  2. John Macgregor (1847). The Progress of America from the Discovery by Columbus to the Year 1846. Whittaker. pp. 751–752.
  3. Frederick Crowe (1850). The Gospel in Central America; Containing a Sketch of the Country ... a History of the Baptist Mission in British Honduras, and of the Introduction of the Bible Into the Spanish American Republic of Guatemala ... With a Map, Etc. Charles Gilpin. pp. 209–211. 'Skipper Mudge, who arrived at this port from Honduras last week, in his smack Nancy, reports that he had an interview, before sailing, with his Majesty the King of the Mosquitoes. His Majesty wore a splendid cocked-hat and a red sash, and had very large gilt spurs buckled about his ankles; but I regret to say that the remainder was, as the painters say, without drapery. We must make allowance, however, for difference of customs and climate. His Majesty, who cannot be more than twenty years old, was slightly intoxicated. His suite consisted of a one-eyed drummer-boy, and two gentlemen with fifes, one of whom acted as an interpreter. The King of the Mosquitoes received Skipper Mudge seated on an empty whisky-cask. He motioned to the skipper to take a seat on the ground or wherever he chose.' The writer then goes on to describe the further proceedings of the interview, in the course of which his Majesty's laughter having been excited, the cask rolled from under him, and he fell to the ground.
  4. George Henderson (1811). An Account of the British Settlement of Honduras: Being a View of Its Commercial and Agricultural Resources, Soil, Climate, Natural History, &c. R. Baldwin. pp. 219–220.
  5. Magistrates' Meeting, 2 August 1802, Archives of British Honduras (ed. J. A. Burdon, 3 vols., London, 1931-35) 2: 57.
  6. British and Foreign State Papers. H.M. Stationery Office. 1862. p. 689.
  7. British and Foreign State Papers 1862, p. 687
  8. Honduras Almanack ... 1829 ... Belize: Published by authority of the Legislative Assembly of Belize. 1829. p. 56.
  9. British and Foreign State Papers 1862, p. 679.
  10. Olien, "Miskito Kings," pp. 217-218.
  11. Proceedings of an Inquiry and Investigation...by Major General Codd...Relative to Poyais (London, 1824)
  12. Thomas Young (of the British Central American Land Company.) (1842). Narrative of a Residence on the Mosquito Shore, During the Years 1839, 1840, & 1841: With an Account of Truxillo, and the Adjacent Islands of Bonacca and Roatan. Smith, Elder and Company. p. 130.
  13. Deborah Robb Taylor (2005). The Times & Life of Bluefields. Academia de Geografía e Historia de Nicaragua. p. 424. ISBN 978-99924-846-2-3.
  14. British Survey. British Society for International Understanding. 1960. p. 9.
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