Gavril Olteanu

Gavril Olteanu (1888–1946) was a leader of a Romanian paramilitary militia group, part of the Maniu Guards during World War II, which became notorious for the killing and deportation of ethnic Hungarians in Transylvania.[1]

Olteanu was born in Târgu Mureș in 1888.[2] After Northern Transylvania was ceded by Romania to Hungary in 1940, at a result of the Second Vienna Award, he moved to Brașov, where he took command of a paramilitary unit of the Iron Guard. During World War II, this unit was active in Trei Scaune, Ciuc, Odorhei, and Mureș counties.[3]

Following King Michael's Coup of 23 August 1944, Romania switched allegiance from the Axis powers to the Allies. In early September, Soviet and Romanian forces entered Transylvania, captured the towns of Brașov and Sibiu, and engaged units of the Hungarian 2nd Army and the German 8th Army at the Battle of Turda. On 26 September 1944, in reprisals against attacks on Romanian troops by the local population, members of the paramilitary Maniu Guard led by Olteanu massacred a number Hungarian civilians in Aita Seacă village; 9 were shot, 2 decapitated, and 2 later died of their wounds.[3][4] Other such incidents occurred in Sândominic, Huedin, Aghireș, and other localities around Transylvania.

At the request of Soviet representatives Deputy Foreign Minister Andrey Vyshinsky and Vladislav Petrovich Vinogradov on behalf of the Allied Control Commission,[5] Romanian authorities disbanded the Maniu Guard, arrested Olteanu, and sentenced him to imprisonment.[4] He died at Aiud Prison in late 1946; some sources claim he was murdered,[4] while others claim that he committed suicide by ingesting strychnine.[3][6]

Notes
  1. Nagy MZ. "Power Changes and Self-administration in Northern Transsylvania 12 November 1944 – 13 March 1945". Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 2007-06-22.
  2. Balint, Nicolae (24 February 2011). "Gavrilă Olteanu în arhivele mureșene" (in Romanian). Retrieved 23 April 2020.
  3. Bibire, Răzvan (1 November 2018). ""Gărzile lui Maniu". Incidentul de la Aita Seacă". contrasens.ro (in Romanian). Retrieved 23 April 2020.
  4. Țene, Ionuț (6 December 2009). "Transilvania de Nord între eliberarea de sub horthyşti şi ocupaţia sovietică (septembrie 1944 – martie 1945)". Napoca News (in Romanian). Archived from the original on 2012-08-05. Retrieved 2010-12-08.
  5. Archive of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (AMFA), note nr. V 120 from November 12, 1944
  6. Ionițoiu, Cicerone, "Eliberarea a însemnat jefuirea și dezorganizarea țării" (PDF), Rezistența anticomunistă din munții României, 1946–1958 (in Romanian), retrieved 23 April 2020
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