Gastrophryne olivacea

Gastrophryne olivacea, the Great Plains narrow-mouthed toad or western narrow-mouthed toad, is a species of microhylid frog found throughout much of the south-central United States from Nebraska south through Texas, and into northern Mexico. Though not a true toad, it is often referred to as such because it is terrestrial.

Gastrophryne olivacea
Gastrophryne olivacea

Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Anura
Family: Microhylidae
Genus: Gastrophryne
Species:
G. olivacea
Binomial name
Gastrophryne olivacea
Hallowell, 1856
Synonyms

Engystoma olivaceum

Description
Western Narrow-mouthed Toad (Gastrophryne olivacea), Municipality of San Fernando, Tamaulipas, Mexico (19 March 2009).

Great Plains narrow-mouthed toads are a small (1.5 in), flat-bodied species, with a sharply pointed snout. They are typically olive green to grey-brown in color, sometimes with black blotching. Their undersides are lighter colored. Their skin secretions can cause severe, burning pain if they get into eyes.

Behavior and habitat

This toad is found in a wide range of habitats, but most frequently on moist ground or in leaf litter, and under rocks or fallen logs. They breed throughout the spring and summer in pools of water left by rainfall. Their primary diet is ants.

Taxonomy

Gastrophryne olivacea was once considered a subspecies of the eastern narrowmouth toad, G. carolinensis.

There are no valid subspecies of this taxon at this time. This taxon was originally divided into two subspecies but in 2012 the western subspecies was elevated to full species status ("Gastrophryne mazatlanensis" = the Sinaloan Narrow-mouthed Toad).[2]

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References
  1. Santos-Barrera, G.; Hammerson, G. (2004). "Gastrophryne olivacea". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN. 2004: e.T57815A11687076. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T57815A11687076.en. Retrieved 6 January 2018.
  2. Streicher, J. W., C. L. Cox, J. A. Campbell, E. N. Smith, and R. O. de Sá. 2012. Rapid range expansion in the Great Plains narrow-mouthed toad (Gastrophryne olivacea) and a revised taxonomy for North American microhylids. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 64: 645–653.
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