Gastroduodenal artery

In anatomy, the gastroduodenal artery is a small blood vessel in the abdomen. It supplies blood directly to the pylorus (distal part of the stomach) and proximal part of the duodenum, and indirectly to the pancreatic head (via the anterior and posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries).

Gastroduodenal artery
The celiac artery and its branches.
Branches of the celiac artery. The gastroduodenal artery appears on the right part of the figure and overlays/is anterior to the portal vein. The stomach is raised and inverted - compare with celiac artery branches - stomach in situ.
Details
Sourcecommon hepatic artery
BranchesRetroduodenal artery, right gastroepiploic artery, superior pancreaticoduodenal artery
Suppliespylorus, proximal duodenum
Identifiers
Latinarteria gastroduodenalis
TAA12.2.12.016
FMA14775
Anatomical terminology

The gastroduodenal artery most commonly arises from the common hepatic artery of the coeliac trunk, but there are numerous variations of the origin.[1] It first gives rise to the supraduodenal artery, followed by the posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery. It terminates in a bifurcation when it splits into the right gastroepiploic artery and the anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery (superior pancreaticoduodenal artery). These branches form functional anastomoses with the anterior and posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries from the superior mesenteric artery. Note that the exact branching of vessels from the gastroduoenal artery is variable. Typically, the posterior and anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries branch independently in that order, but can rarely come off a common trunk.

Pathology

The gastroduodenal artery can be the source of a significant gastrointestinal bleed, which may arise as a complication of peptic ulcer disease. Because of its close relationship to the posteromedial wall of the second part of the duodenum, deeply penetrating ulcers or tumours of the duodenum may cause torrential bleeding from the gastroduodenal ‘artery of haemorrhage', not least because of the profuse arterial network in the region ensures a high flow rate in the vessel.[2]

Additional images
  • Gastroduodenal artery
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References
  1. Bergman RA, Afifi AK, Miyauchi R. Variations in Origin of Gastroduodenal Artery. from Anatomy Atlases. (http://www.anatomyatlases.org/AnatomicVariants/Cardiovascular/Images0001/0017.shtml)
  2. gray 40th, page 1127
  • "Gastroduodenal artery". Medcyclopaedia. GE. Archived from the original on 2007-06-20.
  • med/3566 at eMedicine - "Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Surgical Perspective"
  • Anatomy photo:38:03-0207 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "Stomach, Spleen and Liver: Contents of the Hepatoduodenal ligament"
  • Anatomy image:7899 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center
  • celiactrunk at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University)
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