Gallagher Flint Station Archeological Site

The Gallagher Flint Station Archeological Site is an archaeological site and National Historic Landmark in northern Alaska. Discovered in 1970 during the construction of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline, it yielded a radiocarbon date of 10,540 B.P., making it the oldest site of human activity then known in the state.[4]

Gallagher Flint Station Archeological Site
Alaska Heritage Resources Survey
Countryside at the site
LocationAddress restricted[1]
Nearest citySagwon, Alaska
NRHP reference No.78003208[2]
AHRS No.PSM-050
Significant dates
Added to NRHPJune 16, 1978
Designated NHLJune 2, 1978[3]

Description

The Gallagher Flint Station site is located in the foothills on the north side of the Brooks Range in far northern Alaska, near the Sagavanirktok River. There are three separate areas of archaeological interest within the site, two of which overlap slightly in their vertical stratigraphy. The isolated site, Locality 2, consists of two hearths with stone tools, including bifacial blades, and evidence of tool work. This site yielded a radiocarbon date of about 1,000 BCE.[4]

The other two areas, Localities 1 and 1A, partially overlap. Locality 1A yielded a radiocarbon date of about 650 BCE, and tool finds there included fragments of a drill bit made of green chert. Locality 1 exhibits the characteristics of a tool workshop, and yielded a date of 10,540 before present, or about 8,500 BCE; the oldest previous dates recovered in the state were for c. 8,000 BCE.[4] Older dates have since been obtained at the Dry Creek Archeological Site.[5]

The most notable feature of the stone tools found at Locality 1 is the absence of bifacial tools. None of the three localities included any remains of animal-based tools (made with antler, bone, or other animal parts). The site has been interpreted as a quarry site, where the users worked on tools while observing the countryside for prey to hunt.[4]

The site was declared a National Historic Landmark and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.[3]

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See also

References
  1. Federal and state laws and practices restrict general public access to information regarding the specific location of this resource. In some cases, this is to protect archeological sites from vandalism, while in other cases it is restricted at the request of the owner. See: Knoerl, John; Miller, Diane; Shrimpton, Rebecca H. (1990), Guidelines for Restricting Information about Historic and Prehistoric Resources, National Register Bulletin, National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, OCLC 20706997.
  2. "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. January 23, 2007.
  3. "Gallagher Flint Station Archeological Site". National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. Archived from the original on 2011-06-06. Retrieved 2007-12-30.
  4. Dixon, E. James Jr. (1975). "The Gallagher Flint Station, an Early Man Site on the North Slope, Arctic Alaska, and Its Role in Relation to the Bering Land Bridge". Arctic Anthropology. University of Wisconsin Press. 12 (1): 68–75. JSTOR 40315863.
  5. Dumond, Don (August 29, 1980). "The Archeology of Alaska and the Peopling of America". Science. 209 (4460): 984–991. doi:10.1126/science.209.4460.984. JSTOR 1684211.
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