Glypican 1

Glypican-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GPC1 gene.[5][6]

GPC1
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 4ACR, 4AD7, 4BWE, 4YWT
Identifiers
Aliases	GPC1, glypican, Glypican 1
External IDs	OMIM: 600395 MGI: 1194891 HomoloGene: 20477 GeneCards: GPC1
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 2 (human)[1] Band 2q37.3 Start 240,435,663 bp[1] End 240,468,076 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 1 (mouse)[2] Band 1|1 D Start 92,831,645 bp[2] End 92,860,779 bp[2]
Gene ontology Molecular function • fibroblast growth factor binding • heparan sulfate proteoglycan binding • copper ion binding • laminin binding Cellular component • endosome • membrane • proteinaceous extracellular matrix • integral component of plasma membrane • lysosomal lumen • Golgi lumen • membrane raft • anchored component of membrane • extracellular exosome • extracellular • nucleoplasm • cytosol • cell membrane • extracellular matrix • extracellular region • intrinsic component of plasma membrane • synapse • anchored component of plasma membrane • collagen-containing extracellular matrix • cell surface Biological process • glycosaminoglycan metabolic process • myelin assembly • heparan sulfate proteoglycan catabolic process • retinoid metabolic process • axon guidance • negative regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway • positive regulation of skeletal muscle cell differentiation • glycosaminoglycan catabolic process • glycosaminoglycan biosynthetic process • Schwann cell differentiation • leukocyte migration • regulation of signal transduction • cell migration • regulation of protein localization to membrane Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	2817	14733
Ensembl	ENSG00000063660	ENSMUSG00000034220
UniProt	P35052	Q9QZF2
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_002081	NM_016696
RefSeq (protein)	NP_002072	NP_057905
Location (UCSC)	Chr 2: 240.44 – 240.47 Mb	Chr 1: 92.83 – 92.86 Mb
PubMed search	[3]	[4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Function

Cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans are composed of a membrane-associated protein core substituted with a variable number of heparan sulfate chains. Members of the glypican-related integral membrane proteoglycan family (GRIPS) contain a core protein anchored to the cytoplasmic membrane via a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol linkage. These proteins may play a role in the control of cell division and growth regulation.[6]

Interactions

Glypican 1 has been shown to interact with SLIT2.[7]

Clinical significance

This protein is involved in the misfolding of normal prion proteins in the cell membrane to the infectious prion form.[8]

In 2015 it was reported that the presence of this protein in exosomes in patients' blood is able to detect early pancreatic cancer with absolute specificity and sensitivity.[9] However this conclusion is disputed.[10] and in more recent overviews of potential markers for pancreatic cancer, Glypican 1 is not mentioned.[11][12]

See also

• Glypican

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000063660 - Ensembl, May 2017
2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000034220 - Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. Vermeesch JR, Mertens G, David G, Marynen P (Jul 1995). "Assignment of the human glypican gene (GPC1) to 2q35-q37 by fluorescence in situ hybridization". Genomics. 25 (1): 327–9. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(95)80152-C. PMID 7774946.
6. "Entrez Gene: GPC1 glypican 1".
7. Ronca F, Andersen JS, Paech V, Margolis RU (August 2001). "Characterization of Slit protein interactions with glypican-1". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (31): 29141–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.M100240200. PMID 11375980.
8. Taylor DR, Whitehouse IJ, Hooper NM (November 2009). "Glypican-1 mediates both prion protein lipid raft association and disease isoform formation". PLoS Pathogens. 5 (11): e1000666. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000666. PMC 2773931. PMID 19936054.
9. Melo SA, Luecke LB, Kahlert C, Fernandez AF, Gammon ST, Kaye J, LeBleu VS, Mittendorf EA, Weitz J, Rahbari N, Reissfelder C, Pilarsky C, Fraga MF, Piwnica-Worms D, Kalluri R (July 2015). "Glypican-1 identifies cancer exosomes and detects early pancreatic cancer". Nature. 523 (7559): 177–82. doi:10.1038/nature14581. PMC 4825698. PMID 26106858.
10. Discussions at www.pubpeer.com; https://pubpeer.com/publications/70714D8ACB8F13164A2752B4335F38#fb119888
11. Balasenthil S, Huang Y, Liu S, Marsh T, Chen J, Stass SA, KuKuruga D, Brand R, Chen N, Frazier ML, Jack Lee J, Srivastava S, Sen S, McNeill Killary A (August 2017). "A Plasma Biomarker Panel to Identify Surgically Resectable Early-Stage Pancreatic Cancer". Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 109 (8). doi:10.1093/jnci/djw341. PMC 6059209. PMID 28376184.
12. Chang JC, Kundranda M (March 2017). "Novel Diagnostic and Predictive Biomarkers in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma". International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 18 (3). doi:10.3390/ijms18030667. PMC 5372679. PMID 28335509.

Further reading

• Karthikeyan L; Maurel P; Rauch U; et al. (1992). "Cloning of a major heparan sulfate proteoglycan from brain and identification as the rat form of glypican". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 188 (1): 395–401. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(92)92398-H. PMID 1417860.
• David G; Lories V; Decock B; et al. (1991). "Molecular cloning of a phosphatidylinositol-anchored membrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan from human lung fibroblasts". J. Cell Biol. 111 (6 Pt 2): 3165–76. doi:10.1083/jcb.111.6.3165. PMC 2116352. PMID 2148568.
• Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides". Gene. 138 (1–2): 171–4. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID 8125298.
• Suzuki Y; Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K; Maruyama K; et al. (1997). "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library". Gene. 200 (1–2): 149–56. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID 9373149.
• Kleeff J; Ishiwata T; Kumbasar A; et al. (1998). "The cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan glypican-1 regulates growth factor action in pancreatic carcinoma cells and is overexpressed in human pancreatic cancer". J. Clin. Invest. 102 (9): 1662–73. doi:10.1172/JCI4105. PMC 509114. PMID 9802880.
• Gengrinovitch S; Berman B; David G; et al. (1999). "Glypican-1 is a VEGF165 binding proteoglycan that acts as an extracellular chaperone for VEGF165". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (16): 10816–22. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.16.10816. PMID 10196157.
• Liang Y; Annan RS; Carr SA; et al. (1999). "Mammalian homologues of the Drosophila slit protein are ligands of the heparan sulfate proteoglycan glypican-1 in brain". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (25): 17885–92. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.25.17885. PMID 10364234.
• Schofield KP, Gallagher JT, David G (2000). "Expression of proteoglycan core proteins in human bone marrow stroma". Biochem. J. 343 Pt 3: 663–8. doi:10.1042/0264-6021:3430663. PMC 1220599. PMID 10527946.
• Karumanchi SA; Jha V; Ramchandran R; et al. (2001). "Cell surface glypicans are low-affinity endostatin receptors" (PDF). Mol. Cell. 7 (4): 811–22. doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(01)00225-8. PMID 11336704.
• Matsuda K; Maruyama H; Guo F; et al. (2001). "Glypican-1 is overexpressed in human breast cancer and modulates the mitogenic effects of multiple heparin-binding growth factors in breast cancer cells". Cancer Res. 61 (14): 5562–9. PMID 11454708.
• Alvarez K, Fadic R, Brandan E (2002). "Augmented synthesis and differential localization of heparan sulfate proteoglycans in Duchenne muscular dystrophy". J. Cell. Biochem. 85 (4): 703–13. doi:10.1002/jcb.10184. PMID 11968010.
• Ding K; Mani K; Cheng F; et al. (2002). "Copper-dependent autocleavage of glypican-1 heparan sulfate by nitric oxide derived from intrinsic nitrosothiols". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (36): 33353–60. doi:10.1074/jbc.M203383200. PMID 12084716.
• Strausberg RL; Feingold EA; Grouse LH; et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
• Belting M; Mani K; Jönsson M; et al. (2004). "Glypican-1 is a vehicle for polyamine uptake in mammalian cells: a pivotal role for nitrosothiol-derived nitric oxide". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (47): 47181–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M308325200. PMID 12972423.
• Ota T; Suzuki Y; Nishikawa T; et al. (2004). "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs". Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40–5. doi:10.1038/ng1285. PMID 14702039.
• Watanabe N; Araki W; Chui DH; et al. (2004). "Glypican-1 as an Abeta binding HSPG in the human brain: its localization in DIG domains and possible roles in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease". FASEB J. 18 (9): 1013–5. doi:10.1096/fj.03-1040fje. PMID 15084524.
• Li J; Kleeff J; Kayed H; et al. (2004). "Glypican-1 antisense transfection modulates TGF-beta-dependent signaling in Colo-357 pancreatic cancer cells". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 320 (4): 1148–55. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.06.063. PMID 15249209.
• Davies EJ; Blackhall FH; Shanks JH; et al. (2005). "Distribution and clinical significance of heparan sulfate proteoglycans in ovarian cancer". Clin. Cancer Res. 10 (15): 5178–86. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-03-0103. PMID 15297422.