Gōshi gaisha

A gōshi gaisha (合資会社) is a type of "unlimited liability" incorporation under the Japanese Companies Act, but its structure is similar to that of a limited partnership.[1] Unlike the other types of corporate structure (gōdō gaisha and kabushiki gaisha), there is no limit on what a general partner (無限責任社員, mugen sekinin shain) of the company is legally responsible for.[2]

Structure

In a gōshi gaisha, partners are divided into two categories: (1) a general partner who has unlimited liability similar to a partner in a general partnership and (2) a limited partner who has limited liability only up to the amount he has invested in the partnership (limited partner).[2] All partners are still directly liable to creditors of the partnership, and thus partners can still be sued individually (direct liability).[2]

gollark: Git stands for GIT Is Tremendous.
gollark: The stages of git clone are: Receive a "pack" file of all the objects in the repo database Create an index file for the received pack Check out the head revision (for a non-bare repo, obviously)"Resolving deltas" is the message shown for the second stage, indexing the pack file ("git index-pack").Pack files do not have the actual object IDs in them, only the object content. So to determine what the object IDs are, git has to do a decompress+SHA1 of each object in the pack to produce the object ID, which is then written into the index file.An object in a pack file may be stored as a delta i.e. a sequence of changes to make to some other object. In this case, git needs to retrieve the base object, apply the commands and SHA1 the result. The base object itself might have to be derived by applying a sequence of delta commands. (Even though in the case of a clone, the base object will have been encountered already, there is a limit to how many manufactured objects are cached in memory).In summary, the "resolving deltas" stage involves decompressing and checksumming the entire repo database, which not surprisingly takes quite a long time. Presumably decompressing and calculating SHA1s actually takes more time than applying the delta commands.In the case of a subsequent fetch, the received pack file may contain references (as delta object bases) to other objects that the receiving git is expected to already have. In this case, the receiving git actually rewrites the received pack file to include any such referenced objects, so that any stored pack file is self-sufficient. This might be where the message "resolving deltas" originated.
gollark: UPDATE: this is wrong.
gollark: > Git uses delta encoding to store some of the objects in packfiles. However, you don't want to have to play back every single change ever on a given file in order to get the current version, so Git also has occasional snapshots of the file contents stored as well. "Resolving deltas" is the step that deals with making sure all of that stays consistent.
gollark: A lot?

References
  1. Campbell, Dennis (2009-12-01). Comparative Law Yearbook of International Business. Kluwer Law International B.V. p. 151. ISBN 978-90-411-2801-0.
  2. "合名・合資会社の長所＆短所" [Pros and cons of gōmei gaisha and gōshi gaisha]. Kokohore! [ココホレ！] (in Japanese). 2020-05-13. Retrieved 2020-06-26.


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