Fritz Grünbaum

Fritz Grünbaum (7 April 1880 in Brno, Moravia as Franz Friedrich Grünbaum – 14 January 1941 at the Dachau concentration camp, Germany) was an Austrian Jewish cabaret artist, operetta and pop song writer, director, actor and master of ceremonies.

Fritz Grünbaum
Born
Franz Friedrich Grünbaum

7 April 1880
Brünn, Moravia
Died14 January 1941
Dachau, Germany
OccupationCabaret artist, operetta and pop song writer, director, actor and master of ceremonies

Biography

During his childhood and adolescence Grünbaum lived with his family in Brünn which were dealing in art. At an age of 18 years, he attended law school in Vienna which he concluded, in fact, as a doctor, but more and more he began to show interest for literature.

After the law studies, he began as a master of ceremonies at Vienna Cabaret Die Hoelle, where he had his first performance in the operetta "Phryne" in 1906. From 1903 on he composed first libretti, among others with Robert Bodanzky and made his appearance as an actor in the most different minor parts on many Vienna Cellar Stages and Revue Theatres.

Until the beginning of World War I (in which he enlisted himself as a voluntary in 1915) again and again he travelled to Berlin – the first time in 1907 in order to perform at "Chat Noir" – to act as master of ceremonies at Rudolf Nelson's theatres. In 1914, Grünbaum acted for the first time at Kabarett Simpl, the legendary Vienna Cabaret where he also acted time and again in the time to come. Together with Karl Farkas he developed in 1922 the so-called "Doppelconférence" originated from Hungary and presented at the "Budapester Orpheum" of Vienna, and led it to its highest spot.

In fact, Grünbaum was described by acquaintances as an "adorable contemporary", but this fact did not impede him to slap an imperial and royal officer in 1910 at the "Hölle" restaurant when he proclaimed anti-Semitic slogans during the programme. After that, he continued with his performance. Later the officer challenged Grünbaum to a duel during which Grünbaum was injured. In 1914, Grünbaum was infected by the war frenzy and in 1914 he joined military service. In spring of 1916 he fought at the Italian front, but he returned disenchanted and from that time he attracted attention by pacifistic slogans.

From 1926, Grünbaum was working at Vienna Bürgertheater. In 18 stage settings he and Karl Farkas had beautiful girls show their legs with the music of Egon Neumann in "Journal der Liebe" and Rita Georg parade in a breeches part. The guest performance of the Marischka revue which began on 1 October 1927 fully fit into this schema. Performance no. 430 of "Wien lacht wieder" took place. In thirty stage settings, Grünbaum and Karl Farkas (music by Ralph Benatzky) performed last year's pop song revue which had not lost its popularity with 120 players and 900 fancy dresses.

Grave in Vienna

He again and again commuted between Berlin and Vienna. In Berlin he acted in films and wrote pop songs, he wrote scripts, in Vienna he was working at different cabarets. In 1933, his texts became more political in Vienna. On the occasion of one of his last performances at Vienna's Cabaret Simpl during the programme of "Metro Grünbaum – Farkas tönende Wochenschau", he was still joking: "I see nothing, absolutely nothing, I think I got astray in national socialist culture."

Last years and death
Fritz Grünbaum's prisoner registry card at Dachau Nazi Concentration Camp

On 10 March 1938, the day German troops marched into the alpine republic, together with Karl Farkas he was acting for the last time in Simplicissimus. After that, they were put under stage ban. The next day, he tried to flee to Czechoslovakia, but he and his wife were sent back at the border. He hid quite a while in Vienna, but then he was betrayed and transported to the Dachau concentration camp. Later he was taken to Buchenwald and subsequently returned to Dachau. He died at the Dachau concentration camp on 14 January 1941 after having acted for a last time on New Year's Eve for his fellow-sufferers. A star was dedicated to him on the cabaret Walk of Fame. He is buried at Vienna Central Cemetery, Old Israelite Part, Gate 1.

Marriages

Fritz Grünbaum was married three times. After his first marriage with Karolina Nagelmüller (1908–1914), he married a colleague Mizzi Dressl and in 1919 he married Lilli Herzl with whom he stayed. She was transported to Dahau together with him. In 1942 she was deported to Minsk where she presumably died.[1]

Fritz Grünbaum´s art collection
Egon Schiele: Tote Stadt III 1911, former Collection Grünbaum, today Leopold Museum Vienna

During his lifetime, Fritz Grünbaum was a well-known art collector, especially of Austrian modernist art, whose artworks were featured in famous catalogues and exhibitions. His collection extended to over 400 pieces, 80 of them works by Egon Schiele (1890–1918). This collection disappeared during the Nazi period and 25% of the collection appeared on the art market in the early 1950s through Swiss art dealer Eberhard Kornfeld. The fate of the rest is unknown.[2]

For years, now, Grünbaum’s heirs have fought to bring home works that were once part of his collection; however, they have faced a lot of push back and failure in the process. In 2005, an attempt to restitute Seated Woman With Bent Left Leg (Torso) by Schiele was thwarted when the court deemed that too much time had passed for Grünbaum’s heirs to lay claim to it. In 2015, Grünbaum’s heirs began the process of seeking the return of Schiele’s Woman in a Black Pinafore (1911) and Woman Hiding her Face (1912). Thanks to the HEAR Act, the case was heard and, in his ruling, Judge Ramos stated: ‘The HEAR Act compels us to help return Nazi-looted art to its heirs […] the gut-wrenching process by which Mr. Grünbaum’s property was looted.[3]

Works (selection)

Lyrics
  • "Draußen in Schönbrunn"
  • "Ich hab das Fräuln Helen baden sehn"

Filmography

Screenwriter

Actor

Literature and Sources

Translated from de:Fritz Grünbaum, which lists as references:

  • Christoph Wagner-Trenkwitz und Marie-Theres Arnbom, Grüß mich Gott! Fritz Grünbaum 1880–1941, Brandstätter, 2005, ISBN 3-85498-393-X
  • Walter Fritz: Im Kino erlebe ich die Welt – 100 Jahre Kino und Film in Österreich. Wien, 1996, S. 146, ISBN 3-85447-661-2
  • Viktor Rotthaler: Frühling für Hitler. Dani Levys historische Vorbilder Frankfurter Rundschau, 13. 1. 2007, S. 15
  • "Das Cabaret ist mein Ruin" – 2 CDs (CD1: Chansons, Conferencen und Texte von (und mit) Fritz Grünbaum. CD2: Feature über Fritz Grünbaum von Volker Kühn), Ed. Mnemosyne, Verl. für Alte Hüte & Neue Medien, Neckargemünd/Wien, Februar 2005 – ISBN 3-934012-23-X
  • Hans Veigl, "Entwürfe für ein Grünbaum-Monument. Fritz Grünbaum und das Wiener Kabarett", ÖKA, Graz/Wien, 2001 – ISBN 3-9501427-0-3
  • Fritz Grünbaum, "Hallo, hier Grünbaum!", Löcker Verlag, Wien/München, 2001 – ISBN 3-85409-330-6
  • Fritz Grünbaum, "Die Schöpfung und andere Kabarettstücke. Mit einer kabarettistischen Vorrede von Georg Kreisler", Löcker Verlag, Wien/München, 1984 – ISBN 3-85409-071-4
  • Fritz Grünbaum, Der leise Weise. Gedichte und Monologue aus dem Repertoire. Herausgegeben von Hans Veigl. Wien 1992 – ISBN 3-218-00552-3
  • Ernst Federn, (1999): Fritz Grünbaums 60. Geburtstag im Konzentrationslager. In: Roland Kaufhold (Hg.) (1999): Ernst Federn: Versuche zur Psychologie des Terrors. Gießen (Psychosozial-Verlag), S. 95–97.
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gollark: Square roots?
gollark: It doesn't actually include any numbers.

References
  1. Hitler and the Nazi Cult of Celebrity, by Michael Munn
  2. Team, The. "Search the Collection Gruenbaum". Collection Gruenbaum. Att. Raymond J. Dowd. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
  3. Keener, Katherine. "Dissecting the HEAR Act: the US's law streamlining the restitution of art stolen during WWII". Looted Art. Commission for Looted Art in Europe. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
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