Fred Gage

Fred "Rusty" Gage (born October 8, 1950) is the President of the Salk Institute for Biological Studies[1] and the Adler Professor in the Laboratory of Genetics at the Salk Institute, and has concentrated on the adult central nervous system and the unexpected plasticity and adaptability that remains throughout the life of all mammals. His work may lead to methods of replacing brain tissue lost to stroke or Alzheimer's disease and repairing spinal cords damaged by trauma. He was the President-elect of the ISSCR in 2012.

Dr. Fred Gage
BornOctober 8, 1950 (1950-10-08) (age 69)
Alma materUniversity of Florida
Johns Hopkins University
Known forStem Cell research
AwardsChristopher Reeve Research Medal
Max Planck Research Prize
National Academy of Sciences
Scientific career
FieldsBrain Research
InstitutionsSalk Institute for Biological Studies

In 1998, Fred H. Gage (Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California) and Peter Eriksson (Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden) discovered and announced that the human brain produces new nerve cells in adulthood. Until then, it had been assumed that humans are born with all the brain cells they will ever have.

Gage’s lab showed that, contrary to years of dogma, human beings are capable of growing new nerve cells throughout life. Small populations of immature nerve cells are found in the adult mammalian brain, and Gage is working to understand how these cells can be induced to become mature nerve cells. His team is investigating how such cells can be transplanted back to the brain and spinal cord. They have showed that physical exercise can enhance the growth of new brain cells in the hippocampus, a brain structure that is important for the formation of new memories. Furthermore, his team is examining the underlying molecular mechanisms that are critical to the birth of new brain cells, work that may lead to new therapeutics for neurodegenerative conditions.

His lab studies the genomic mosaicism that exists in the brain as a result of “jumping genes,” mobile elements, and DNA damage that occurs during development. Specifically, he is interested in how this mosaicism may lead to difference in brain function between individuals. In December 2015 his lab published an important paper showing that Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) erase aging signatures and hiPSC-derived neurons remain rejuvenated, while direct conversion into induced neurons (iNs) preserve donor age-dependent transcriptomic signatures.[2]

Education

Dr. Gage graduated from St. Stephen's High School in Rome, Italy in 1968 and received his Bachelor of Science degree from the University of Florida and a Ph.D. from Johns Hopkins University. He did his post-doctoral work at Lund University in Sweden, under the direction of cell transplantation pioneer Anders Bjorklund. He serves as a member of the Science Advisory Board of the Genetics Policy Institute.

Relationship with Phineas Gage

Fred Gage has been said to be a descendant of[3] (or more specifically, the great-grandson of)[4] Phineas Gage, through whose brain an iron bar 1-1/4-inches in diameter was accidentally driven in 1848, transforming him into perhaps the most famous of all brain-injury survivors. However, this proposition faces considerable difficulties, chief of which being that Phineas Gage had no known children.[5]

Awards and honors
  • IPSEN Prize in Neuronal Plasticity, 1990[6]
  • Charles A. Dana Award for Pioneering Achievements in Health and Education, 1993
  • Christopher Reeve Research Medal, 1997
  • Max Planck Research Prize, 1999
  • Metropolitan Life Research Award, 2001[7]
  • President, Society for Neuroscience, 2001
  • MetLife Award for Medical Research, 2002
  • National Academy of Sciences 2003
  • Keio Medical Science Prize, 2008
gollark: An RTG might be better for the whole "overengineering" thing than solar power, but they're pretty hard to get hold of, and it might be a bit heavy.
gollark: Just stick in a GPS receiver - that provides you with both location, obviously, and the super-accurate timing data GPS provides - probably some sort of microcontroller, whatever display you want, rather a lot of battery, and probably a solar panel or something.
gollark: Wouldn't even be too hard.
gollark: You could make a watch work anywhere on the Earth's surface.
gollark: I mean, you could do *some* of that.

References
  1. Gage, Rusty. "President". www.salk.edu. Salk Institute. Retrieved 31 October 2019.
  2. Mertons, Jerome (2015). "Directly Reprogrammed Human Neurons Retain Aging-Associated Transcriptomic Signatures and Reveal Age-Related Nucleocytoplasmic Defects". Cell Stem Cell. 17: 705–718. doi:10.1016/j.stem.2015.09.001. PMC 5929130. PMID 26456686.
  3. "Rethinking the Brain", Michael Specter, The New Yorker, July 23, 2001;
  4. Black, Ira B. (2002). The Changing Brain: Alzheimer's Disease and Advances in Neuroscience, pp.235-6. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-515697-8, ISBN 978-0-19-515697-3.
  5. Macmillan, Malcolm (2002). An Odd Kind of Fame: Stories of Phineas Gage, pp.16-18. MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-63259-4, ISBN 978-0-262-63259-1
  6. "Professor Rusty Gage, Laboratory of Genetics". Salk Institute for Biological Studies. Retrieved 27 May 2016.
  7. "Awards for Medical Research, Metlife Foundation" (PDF). Retrieved 27 May 2016.
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